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==Origin and meaning of the Greek name==
==Origin and meaning of the Greek name==
[[Image:Arne_DaughterOfAeolus_Coin1.jpg|200px|thumb|left|'''Arne playing with ''[[astragaloi]]'''''<br><small>© CNG (Used by [[Image_talk:Arne_DaughterOfAeolus_Coin1.jpg/Permission|permission]])</small>]]The word ''Ἄρνη'' (''Arne'') was primarily a toponym used for archaic "cities of origin" in Greece, especially [[Boeotia]], [[Thessaly]], [[Crete]] and the [[Aeolic language|Aeolian]] regions. In addition it was used for [[Thrace|Thracian]] places of origin.<ref>See [[Arne#Geographic_names|Arne]] for details and sources.</ref> Therefore women called Arne were in all probability (ruling?) inhabitants of these cities or descendants of their archaic population. According to legend the archaic Greek cities derived their name from [[Arne (mythology)|Arne]], nymph daughter of king [[Aeolus#Aeolus, son of Hellen|Aeolus]], who is said to have reigned in [[Thessaly|Aeolia]].<ref>For some of the ancient sources see e.g. "Arne", in William Smith (ed.), ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', 1849, p. 348</ref> Aeolian rule and culture covered Thessaly, Boeotia, parts of the [[Aegean Sea]] including [[Lesbos]] and North-Western Anatolia.  
[[Image:Arne_DaughterOfAeolus_Coin1.jpg|200px|thumb|left|'''Arne playing with ''[[astragaloi]]'''''<br><small>© CNG (Used by [[Image_talk:Arne_DaughterOfAeolus_Coin1.jpg/Permission|permission]])</small>]]The word ''Ἄρνη'' (''Arne'') was primarily a toponym used for archaic "cities of origin" in Greece,<ref>Including [[Crete]] and the [[Aeolic language|Aeolian]] regions; W. Brandenstein, in: H. Arntz (ed.), ''Germanen und Indogermanen. Volkstum, Sprache, Heimat, Kultur. Festschrift für Hermann Hirt.'' (Heidelberg); Robert Forrer, ''Reallexikon der prähistorischen, klassischen und frühchristlichen Altertümer'', 26, 1937, pp. 178 sqq.; Heinz Kronasser, ''Indogermanica. Festschrift für Wolfgang Krause'', 1960, pp. 55 sq.; [[Pauly-Wissowa|''RE'']] XXII, 1513, pp 58 sqq.</ref> especially [[Boeotia]]<ref>''Arne'' was the name of an ancient city in [[Boeotia]] (cf. [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' 2.507 & 7.9), either [[Chaeronea]], [[Akraiphion]] or an unknown city that perished in the [[Lake Kopais|Lake Kopaïs]] (cf. Walther Sontheimer & Konrat Ziegler, ''Der Kleine Pauly'', Vol. 1, p. 602; partial evidence in: ''RE'' II 1202, pp. 36 sqq.; cf. [[Strabo|Strabon]], ''Geography'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/1C*.html#18 I 3.18] incl. a quote from [[Homer]]'s ''Catalogue of Ships''). ''Arne'' was also the alternative old name of the large [[Mycenaean_Greece|Mycenaean]] castle [[Gla]] (''pro'': Wilamowitz (1891), Pindar (1922), Noack (1894), Noack (1903); see also: J.G. Frazer, ''Pausanias'' 5, 1898, p. 128; D. Fimmen, ''Kretisch-Mykenische Kultur'', 1924, 6.V; Burr, "Nεῶν χατάλογος", in: ''Klio'' (Beiheft) 49, 1944, pp. 26 sq.; H.P. Drögemüller in: ''Gymnasium'' 68, 1961, pp. 199 sqq. ''et al.''; ''contra'': De Ridder 1894/1897)</ref> and [[Thessaly]],<ref>''Arne'' was the alleged archaic name of the Thessaliotis territory or of its [[Capital|capital]] [[Kierion]] (cf. ''RE'' II 1202, pp. 29 sqq.).</ref> In addition it was used for [[Thrace|Thracian]] places of origin.<ref>Steph. Byz. s.v., ''Ἄρνη'' (p. 124 1–2 Meinecke), in G.L. Huxley, "Arne Sithonis", ''Classical Quarterly'' 32 (i), 1982, p. 160</ref> Therefore women called Arne were in all probability (ruling?) inhabitants of these cities or descendants of their archaic population. According to legend the archaic Greek cities derived their name from [[Arne (mythology)|Arne]], nymph daughter of king [[Aeolus#Aeolus, son of Hellen|Aeolus]], who is said to have reigned in [[Thessaly|Aeolia]].<ref>For some of the ancient sources see e.g. "Arne", in William Smith (ed.), ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', 1849, p. 348</ref> Aeolian rule and culture covered Thessaly, Boeotia, parts of the [[Aegean Sea]] including [[Lesbos]] and North-Western Anatolia.  


The etymology and true origin of the word ''arne'' is unclear, but like many Greek words a prior transmission from Western [[Anatolia]] and the [[Ionian language|Ionian]] or [[Lydian language]] could theoretically be assumed.<ref>Cp. e.g. the Greek [[Tyrant|''τύραννος'']] (''túrannos'', "absolute sovereign", "tyrant"), originally stemming from ''turannu'' (probably Lydian).</ref> Different from the Greek verb ''ἀρνέομαι'' (''arnéomai''; "to refuse", "to deny"), the first syllable of which probably stems from the Proto-Indo-European etymon ''*ar-'' ("to deny", "to refuse", "to renounce"), a decision on a similarly distinct origin for ''ἄρνη'' (''arne'') would only be conjecture. It should be noted that the Proto-Indo-European root ''*an-'' has a compatible meaning ("[male or female] ancestor"), though a more probable origin would be the parallel root ''*urh<sub>1</sub>-en-'' with ''ἄρνε'' (''arne'', [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual]] form of ''ἀρνός'', ''arnós'', related to the earlier ''ἀρήν'', ''arén'', all meaning "lamb", "sheep"), which would connect the "name of origin" to the beginnings of civilization and [[shepherding]] 4000 BC in [[Asia Minor]].<ref>The fact that the Thessalian coin from [[Kierion]] (alternative name: ''Arne'') shows Aeolus' daughter Arne playing with dice made of sheep bones, could be further evidence for this connection. In addition, [[Poseidon (god)|Poseidon]], who would together with Arne later procreate the second king [[Aeolus#Aeolus (son of Poseidon)|Aeolus]], was hidden by his mother [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]] amidst a herd of sheep near a well called ''aren'' ("sheep", "lamb"; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Guide to Greece'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias8A.html VIII 8.81–8.8.2]).</ref> Independent of the historical, etymological or geographical origin the name ''Arne'' is closely connected to the legendary foundation of the Greek-Hellenic (and Boiotian) nation.
The etymology and true origin of the word ''arne'' is unclear, but like many Greek words a prior transmission from Western [[Anatolia]] and the [[Ionian language|Ionian]] or [[Lydian language]] could theoretically be assumed.<ref>Cp. e.g. the Greek [[Tyrant|''τύραννος'']] (''túrannos'', "absolute sovereign", "tyrant"), originally stemming from ''turannu'' (probably Lydian).</ref> Different from the Greek verb ''ἀρνέομαι'' (''arnéomai''; "to refuse", "to deny"), the first syllable of which probably stems from the Proto-Indo-European etymon ''*ar-'' ("to deny", "to refuse", "to renounce"), a decision on a similarly distinct origin for ''ἄρνη'' (''arne'') would only be conjecture. It should be noted that the Proto-Indo-European root ''*an-'' has a compatible meaning ("[male or female] ancestor"), though a more probable origin would be the parallel root ''*urh<sub>1</sub>-en-'' with ''ἄρνε'' (''arne'', [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual]] form of ''ἀρνός'', ''arnós'', related to the earlier ''ἀρήν'', ''arén'', all meaning "lamb", "sheep"), which would connect the "name of origin" to the beginnings of civilization and [[shepherding]] 4000 BC in [[Asia Minor]].<ref>The fact that the Thessalian coin from [[Kierion]] (alternative name: ''Arne'') shows Aeolus' daughter Arne playing with dice made of sheep bones, could be further evidence for this connection. In addition, [[Poseidon (god)|Poseidon]], who would together with Arne later procreate the second king [[Aeolus#Aeolus (son of Poseidon)|Aeolus]], was hidden by his mother [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]] amidst a herd of sheep near a well called ''aren'' ("sheep", "lamb"; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Guide to Greece'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias8A.html VIII 8.81–8.8.2]).</ref> Independent of the historical, etymological or geographical origin the name ''Arne'' is closely connected to the legendary foundation of the Greek-Hellenic (and Boiotian) nation.

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Arne is a male forename of Germanic origin, closely related to the name Arnold. Furthermore, Arne is in use as a surname, especially in English-speaking countries. Arne can also be a female forename. In this case the name is of archaic Greek origin (Ἄρνη).

Etymology and meaning of the Germanic name

The first syllable of the name Arne (ger.: [ˈaʁnə], dan.: [ˈɑʶnə], engl. often: [æʁn]) probably stems from the Germanic *arn ("eagle"), which is the hypothetical preform of the Old High German aar and aro as well as of the Old Norse örn or ørn, which all have the same meaning. It has been proposed that *or- and *er- respectively ("large bird", "eagle") are its Proto-Indo-European root.

The most probable theory on the origin of the name Arne describes it as the final stage of a contracting development, parallel to Arnold, both of which go back to the Old High German name Arenwald (aro or aar and wald; "Has the strength of an eagle").[1] The Proto-Indo-European root of the second syllable is said to be *wal-d(h)- from the base *wal- ("to be strong", "to rule").[2]

In Scandinavia Arne is in widespread use as a forename, where it is often combined with other forenames, e.g. as Tor-Arne, Leif-Arne, John-Arne or Nils-Arne. In Germany the form Arno is more frequent. The German diminutive forms of Arne are Arnele or Ernele. In Switzerland the diminutive forms Ärneli and Ernle or Erndle are also known.

Origin and meaning of the Greek name

Arne playing with astragaloi
© CNG (Used by permission)

The word Ἄρνη (Arne) was primarily a toponym used for archaic "cities of origin" in Greece,[3] especially Boeotia[4] and Thessaly,[5] In addition it was used for Thracian places of origin.[6] Therefore women called Arne were in all probability (ruling?) inhabitants of these cities or descendants of their archaic population. According to legend the archaic Greek cities derived their name from Arne, nymph daughter of king Aeolus, who is said to have reigned in Aeolia.[7] Aeolian rule and culture covered Thessaly, Boeotia, parts of the Aegean Sea including Lesbos and North-Western Anatolia.

The etymology and true origin of the word arne is unclear, but like many Greek words a prior transmission from Western Anatolia and the Ionian or Lydian language could theoretically be assumed.[8] Different from the Greek verb ἀρνέομαι (arnéomai; "to refuse", "to deny"), the first syllable of which probably stems from the Proto-Indo-European etymon *ar- ("to deny", "to refuse", "to renounce"), a decision on a similarly distinct origin for ἄρνη (arne) would only be conjecture. It should be noted that the Proto-Indo-European root *an- has a compatible meaning ("[male or female] ancestor"), though a more probable origin would be the parallel root *urh1-en- with ἄρνε (arne, dual form of ἀρνός, arnós, related to the earlier ἀρήν, arén, all meaning "lamb", "sheep"), which would connect the "name of origin" to the beginnings of civilization and shepherding 4000 BC in Asia Minor.[9] Independent of the historical, etymological or geographical origin the name Arne is closely connected to the legendary foundation of the Greek-Hellenic (and Boiotian) nation.

Name day (Germanic origin)

  • In Scandinavia the name day is often celebrated on August 4.

Notable persons

Women

Men

Arne as surname

Fictional characters

Variants of the Germanic name

Forenames

Aarne (fin.), Aerni (also: Ärni, Swiss, originally an affectionate form), Anno, Arend (Frisian), Arild (dan.), Arin, Arn, Arnald, Arnaldo (ital.), Arnau (kat.), Arnaud (fr.), Arnaude (fr.), Arnault (fr.), Arnd, Arndt, Arné (fr.), Arnel, Arnell, Arness, Arni (Faroese), Árni (icel., far.), Arni (sw.), Arnie (engl. short form of Arnold), Arno, Arnoald, Arnoaldus (lat.), Arnold, Arnolt, Arnould (fr.), Arnoux (fr.), Arnuel (sp., port.), Ernemann (sw., affect.), Erni (sw., affect.), Ernie (engl.), Oke (East-Frisian), Onno (e.fris.), Ontje (e.fris.)

Surnames

Aerni, Erni, Erny

False variants

  • The forename Bjarne is not a contraction of Björn-Arne, but a parallel short form of Björn, stemming from Björngeir or Björnulv.

Notes

  1. ↑ The emergence of the low end-vowel is an equivalent to the Old English translations of the Germanic waltan ("to govern", "to possess", "to have control over sth./s.o.") as the Mercian weldan and the Early West Saxon wieldan or wealdan in Essex, as well as to its Lithuanian translation veldu.
  2. ↑ Possible genesis including hypothetical intermediate forms: *orwal(dh) > *arnwald(h) > *aarenwald > Arenwald > *Arnweld > *Arnwel > Arnel > Arne. The Spanish form Arnuel and the stress of the last syllable in Celtic-influenced southern France (Arné) might support the intermediate *Arnwel and the origin from Arenwald.
  3. ↑ Including Crete and the Aeolian regions; W. Brandenstein, in: H. Arntz (ed.), Germanen und Indogermanen. Volkstum, Sprache, Heimat, Kultur. Festschrift für Hermann Hirt. (Heidelberg); Robert Forrer, Reallexikon der prähistorischen, klassischen und frühchristlichen Altertümer, 26, 1937, pp. 178 sqq.; Heinz Kronasser, Indogermanica. Festschrift für Wolfgang Krause, 1960, pp. 55 sq.; RE XXII, 1513, pp 58 sqq.
  4. ↑ Arne was the name of an ancient city in Boeotia (cf. Homer, Iliad 2.507 & 7.9), either Chaeronea, Akraiphion or an unknown city that perished in the Lake Kopaïs (cf. Walther Sontheimer & Konrat Ziegler, Der Kleine Pauly, Vol. 1, p. 602; partial evidence in: RE II 1202, pp. 36 sqq.; cf. Strabon, Geography I 3.18 incl. a quote from Homer's Catalogue of Ships). Arne was also the alternative old name of the large Mycenaean castle Gla (pro: Wilamowitz (1891), Pindar (1922), Noack (1894), Noack (1903); see also: J.G. Frazer, Pausanias 5, 1898, p. 128; D. Fimmen, Kretisch-Mykenische Kultur, 1924, 6.V; Burr, "Nεῶν χατάλογος", in: Klio (Beiheft) 49, 1944, pp. 26 sq.; H.P. Drögemüller in: Gymnasium 68, 1961, pp. 199 sqq. et al.; contra: De Ridder 1894/1897)
  5. ↑ Arne was the alleged archaic name of the Thessaliotis territory or of its capital Kierion (cf. RE II 1202, pp. 29 sqq.).
  6. ↑ Steph. Byz. s.v., Ἄρνη (p. 124 1–2 Meinecke), in G.L. Huxley, "Arne Sithonis", Classical Quarterly 32 (i), 1982, p. 160
  7. ↑ For some of the ancient sources see e.g. "Arne", in William Smith (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1849, p. 348
  8. ↑ Cp. e.g. the Greek τύραννος (túrannos, "absolute sovereign", "tyrant"), originally stemming from turannu (probably Lydian).
  9. ↑ The fact that the Thessalian coin from Kierion (alternative name: Arne) shows Aeolus' daughter Arne playing with dice made of sheep bones, could be further evidence for this connection. In addition, Poseidon, who would together with Arne later procreate the second king Aeolus, was hidden by his mother Rhea amidst a herd of sheep near a well called aren ("sheep", "lamb"; Pausanias, Guide to Greece VIII 8.81–8.8.2).
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