German language: Difference between revisions
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imported>John Stephenson (common language dialect -> common dialect; less confusing + added wiki links) |
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'''German language''' is, perhaps first and foremost, the common | '''German language''' is, perhaps first and foremost, the common [[dialect]] taught in [[Germany|German]] and [[Austria|Austrian]] [[education|schools]], [[business]], and [[government]], and which is taught in other countries as 'German' - the dialect called ''Hochdeutsch'' ('High German'). But in fact, the German language also comprises a wide variety of [[German dialects]] spoken throughout [[Germany]], [[Austria]] and other [[country|countries]]. Over 100 million people count some variety of German as a [[native language]]<ref name="TheWorldAlmanac2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/World-Almanac-Book-Facts-2000/dp/0886878489/ref=sr_1_1/103-5349826-6571825?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1175731974&sr=8-1|title=The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2000|publisher=World Almanac Books|date=November 2000|accessdate=2007-04-02}}</ref>, and it remains an important [[second language]] for millions more, from [[American people|American]]s interested in the language as a link to their forefathers, to [[business]]people, [[politics|politicians]] and [[student]]s who need to [[communication|communicate]] with their customers, colleagues and peers. There is also a large corpus of writings, in German, about literature, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, and other fields, that is of interest to a wide international audience. | ||
==Hochdeutsch== | ==Hochdeutsch== | ||
Revision as of 01:31, 15 May 2007
German language is, perhaps first and foremost, the common dialect taught in German and Austrian schools, business, and government, and which is taught in other countries as 'German' - the dialect called Hochdeutsch ('High German'). But in fact, the German language also comprises a wide variety of German dialects spoken throughout Germany, Austria and other countries. Over 100 million people count some variety of German as a native language[1], and it remains an important second language for millions more, from Americans interested in the language as a link to their forefathers, to businesspeople, politicians and students who need to communicate with their customers, colleagues and peers. There is also a large corpus of writings, in German, about literature, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, and other fields, that is of interest to a wide international audience.
Hochdeutsch
Hochdeutsch ('High German') is the German dialect, among many, that is encountered by most second language learners, and by native speakers in school. It has considerable prestige because it is used in education, business, government, and literature. It is the 'standard' variety of the language, but is not necessarily the speech of everyday conversation in such countries as Germany, where a regional dialect may often be heard. In Switzerland, standard German is even less likely to be the preferred choice amongst native Swiss German speakers, and is largely confined to print, broadcasting and formal lectures. Because Hochdeutsch has an alternate meaning (pertaining to a group of Germanic dialects in one region), people sometimes now use Standarddeutsch to refer to the official German language.
Spelling reform of 1996
The Rechtschreibreform of July 1996 standardised the orthography (spelling) of the standard German language by the governments of Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland where German is an official language. (Luxembourg did not agree to this standardisation, but the autonomous province of Bozen-Südtirol in Italy and also the German speaking communes of Belgium did). [2][3] [4] However, these moves towards standardisation are still controversial and many respected institutions, Journals and Newspapers still preserve (or have returned to) their old 'house styles' of German and German spelling. Although German spelling was already far more regular than that of English, these codified differences in some ways mirror those between American and Commonwealth varieties of English.
References
- ↑ The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2000. World Almanac Books (November 2000). Retrieved on 2007-04-02.
- ↑ "Rechtschreibreform: German Spelling Reform and Prohibition". © 2007 About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company. All rights reserved. (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
- ↑ "The German Language: The End of the Debate". © 2007 Goethe Institut (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
- ↑ "Zur Neuregelung der Deutschen Rechtschreibung ab 1. August 2006" Extra-Ausgabe Juli 2006. Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim (2006). Retrieved on 2007-05-12.