Cyrillic alphabet: Difference between revisions

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The '''Cyrillic alphabet''' is used for many of the [[Slavonic language family|Slavonic languages]], including [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Belarussian language|Belarussian]], [[Rusyn language|Rusyn (Ruthenian)]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], and a number of non-Slavonic languages, primarily those used primarily within the former [[Soviet Union]], including [[Tatar language|Tatar]], [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]], [[Chechen language|Chechen]], [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]], [[Tuvan language|Tuvan]], and others.
The '''Cyrillic alphabet''' is used for many of the [[Slavonic language family|Slavonic languages]], including [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Belarussian language|Belarussian]], [[Rusyn language|Rusyn (Ruthenian)]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], and a number of non-Slavonic languages, primarily those used primarily within the former [[Soviet Union]], including [[Tatar language|Tatar]], [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]], [[Chechen language|Chechen]], [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]], [[Tuvan language|Tuvan]], and others.
   
   
It is traditionally believed to have been developed by Saint Clement of Ohrid, a disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius. Cyril had developed the [[Glagolitic alphabet]] for the Slavonic languages; the Cyrillic bears his name despite having been developed after his death.  
The alphabet is traditionally believed to have been developed by Saint Clement of Ohrid, a disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius. Cyril had developed the [[Glagolitic alphabet]] for the slavonic languages; the Cyrillic alphabet bears his name despite having been developed after his death.  


The alphabet has undergone many changes since its appearance in the 9th century AD: over time, some letters were lost, and some divergence occurred as different languages adapted the alphabet for their own use.  In 1918, the Russian alphabet was reformed and several more letters were dropped: the current form of the Russian alphabet is the result of these reforms.  
It has undergone many changes since its appearance in the 9th century AD; over time, some letters were lost, and some divergence occured as different languages adapted the alphabet for their own use.  In 1918, the Russian alphabet was reformed and several more letters were dropped; the current form of the Russian alphabet is the result of these reforms.  
   
   
==Russian alphabet==
==Russian alphabet==
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|-
|-
!Letter
!Letter
!Sound in [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Name
!Name
!Name in [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
|-
|А а
|А а
|a
|а
|а
|a
|a
|-
|-
|Б б
|Б б
|b
|бз
|бз
|bɛ
|bɛ
|-
|-
|B в
|B в
|v
|вз
|вз
|vɛ
|vɛ
|-
|-
|Г г
|Г г
|g
|гз
|гз
|gɛ
|gɛ
|-
|-
|Д д
|Д д
|d
|дз
|дз
|dɛ
|dɛ
|-
|-
|E e
|E e
|jɛ
|e
|e
|jɛ
|jɛ
|-
|-
|Ë ë
|Ë ë
|jɔ
|ë
|ë
|jɔ
|jɔ
|-
|-
|Ж ж
|Ж ж
|ʒ
|жɛ
|жɛ
|ʒɛ
|ʒɛ
|-
|-
|З з
|З з
|z
|зɛ
|зɛ
|zɛ
|zɛ
|-
|-
|И и
|И и
|i
|и
|и
|i
|i
|-
|-
|Й й
|Й й
|i
|и крáткое (short i)
|и крáткое (short i)
|i 'kpatkɔjɛ  
|i 'kpatkɔjɛ  
|-
|-
|К к
|К к
|k
|кa
|кa
|ka
|ka
|-
|-
|Л  
|Л л
|l
|эль
|эль
|ɛlʲ
|ɛlʲ
|-
|-
|М м
|М м
|m
|эм
|эм
|ɛm
|ɛm
|-
|-
|Н н
|Н н
|n
|эн
|эн
|ɛn
|ɛn
|-
|-
|О о
|О о
|ɔ
|o
|o
|ɔ
|ɔ
|-
|-
|П п
|П п
|p
|пэ
|пэ
|pɛ
|pɛ
|-
|-
|Р р
|Р р
|r
|эp
|эp
|ɛr
|ɛr
|-
|-
|C c
|C c
|s
|эc
|эc
|ɛs
|ɛs
|-
|-
|Т т
|Т т
|t
|тэ
|тэ
|tɛ
|tɛ
|-
|-
|У у
|У у
|u
|y
|y
|u
|u
|-
|-
|Ф ф
|Ф ф
|f
|эф
|эф
|ɛf
|ɛf
|-
|-
|Х х
|Х х
|χ
|хa
|хa
|χa
|χa
|-
|-
|Ц ц
|Ц ц
|ts
|цэ
|цэ
|tsɛ
|tsɛ
|-
|-
|Ч ч
|Ч ч
|tʄ
|чe
|чe
|tʄe
|tʄe
|-
|-
|Ш ш
|Ш ш
|ʃ
|шa
|шa
|ʃa
|ʃa
|-
|-
|Щ щ
|Щ щ
|ʄtʄ
|щa
|щa
|ʄtʄa
|ʄtʄa
|-
|-
|Ъ ъ
|Ъ ъ
|
|твёрдый знак (hard sign)
|твёрдый знак (hard sign)
|tvɔrdi ʒnak
|tvɔrdi ʒnak
|-
|-
|Ы ы
|Ы ы
|i
|ы
|ы
|i
|i
|-
|-
|Ь ь
|Ь ь
|
|мягкий знак (soft sign)
|мягкий знак (soft sign)
|mjagki ʒnak
|mjagki ʒnak
|-
|-
|Э э
|Э э
|ɛ
|э оборóтнoe (reversed e)
|э оборóтнoe (reversed e)
|ɛ
|ɛ
|-
|-
|Ю ю
|Ю ю
|ju
|ю  
|ю  
|ju
|ju
|-
|-
|Я я
|Я я
|ja
|я
|я
|ja
|ja
|-
|-
|}
|}

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The Cyrillic alphabet is used for many of the Slavonic languages, including Russian, Ukrainian, Belarussian, Rusyn (Ruthenian), Serbian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and a number of non-Slavonic languages, primarily those used primarily within the former Soviet Union, including Tatar, Turkmen, Chechen, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tuvan, and others.

The alphabet is traditionally believed to have been developed by Saint Clement of Ohrid, a disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius. Cyril had developed the Glagolitic alphabet for the slavonic languages; the Cyrillic alphabet bears his name despite having been developed after his death.

It has undergone many changes since its appearance in the 9th century AD; over time, some letters were lost, and some divergence occured as different languages adapted the alphabet for their own use. In 1918, the Russian alphabet was reformed and several more letters were dropped; the current form of the Russian alphabet is the result of these reforms.

Russian alphabet

Letter Name IPA
А а а a
Б б бз bɛ
B в вз vɛ
Г г гз gɛ
Д д дз dɛ
E e e jɛ
Ë ë ë jɔ
Ж ж жɛ ʒɛ
З з зɛ zɛ
И и и i
Й й и крáткое (short i) i 'kpatkɔjɛ
К к кa ka
Л л эль ɛlʲ
М м эм ɛm
Н н эн ɛn
О о o ɔ
П п пэ pɛ
Р р эp ɛr
C c эc ɛs
Т т тэ tɛ
У у y u
Ф ф эф ɛf
Х х хa χa
Ц ц цэ tsɛ
Ч ч чe tʄe
Ш ш шa ʃa
Щ щ щa ʄtʄa
Ъ ъ твёрдый знак (hard sign) tvɔrdi ʒnak
Ы ы ы i
Ь ь мягкий знак (soft sign) mjagki ʒnak
Э э э оборóтнoe (reversed e) ɛ
Ю ю ю ju
Я я я ja
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