Vipera kaznakovi: Difference between revisions
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{{Taxobox | {{Taxobox | ||
| color = pink | | color = pink | ||
| name = ''Vipera kaznakovi'' | | name = ''Vipera kaznakovi'' | ||
| status = | | status = <!-- EN --> | ||
| status_system = iucn2.3 | | status_system = iucn2.3 | ||
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia | | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | ||
| phylum = | | phylum = Chordata | ||
| subphylum = | | subphylum = Vertebrata | ||
| classis = | | classis = Reptilia | ||
| ordo = | | ordo = Squamata | ||
| subordo = [[Snake|Serpentes]] | | subordo = [[Snake (animal)|Serpentes]] | ||
| familia = | | familia = Viperidae | ||
| subfamilia = [[Viperinae]] | | subfamilia = [[Viperinae]] | ||
| genus = ''[[Vipera]]'' | | genus = ''[[Vipera]]'' | ||
| species = '''''V. kaznakovi''''' | | species = '''''V. kaznakovi''''' | ||
| binomial = ''Vipera kaznakovi'' | | binomial = ''Vipera kaznakovi'' | ||
| binomial_authority = | | binomial_authority = Nikolsky, 1909 | ||
| synonyms = * ''Vipera kaznakovi'' - Nikolsky, 1909 | | synonyms = * ''Vipera kaznakovi'' - Nikolsky, 1909 | ||
* ''Coluber kaznakowi'' - Nikolsky, 1916 | * ''Coluber kaznakowi'' - Nikolsky, 1916 | ||
| Line 29: | Line 31: | ||
'''Common names:''' Caucasus viper, Kaznakow's viper.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref> | '''Common names:''' Caucasus viper, Kaznakow's viper.<ref name="Mal03">Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.</ref> | ||
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'''''Vipera kaznakovi''''' is a | '''''Vipera kaznakovi''''' is a venomous [[Viperinae|viper]] species found in [[Turkey]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and Russia.<ref name="McD99"/> No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=634993 ''Vipera kaznakovi'' (TSN 634993)] at [http://www.itis.gov/index.html Integrated Taxonomic Information System]. Accessed 29 June 2007.</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 39: | ||
==Geographic range== | ==Geographic range== | ||
Found in northeastern [[Turkey]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and Russia (eastern Black Sea coast. The type locality is "Tsebel'da, Sukhumi District," according to the English translation of Nikolsky (1909). Orlov and Tuniyev (1990) interpret this as Tsebelda, the vicinity of Sukhumi [on the east coast of the Black Sea], Abkhasia, the Caucasus [Georgia].<ref name="McD99"/> | |||
==Conservation status== | ==Conservation status== | ||
This species is classified as Endangered (EN) according to the | This species is classified as Endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: A1cd+2cd (v2.3, 1994).<ref name="ICUN-EN">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/22990/summ ''Vipera kaznakovi''] at [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 6 October 2006.</ref> This indicates that the species is not critically endangered, but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. This is due to an observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction in population of at least 50% over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, based on a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat, as well as actual or potential levels of exploitation. For the same reasons, a reduction in the population of at least 50% is also projected or suspected to be met within the next 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer. Year assessed: 1996.<ref name="IUCN-23">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria1994 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)][http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 6 October 2006.</ref> | ||
It is also listed as strictly protected (Appendix II) under the | It is also listed as strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention.<ref name="COE">[http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/FR/Treaties/Html/104-2.htm Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II] at [http://conventions.coe.int/ Council of Europe]. Accessed 9 October 2006.</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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* [[:Category:True vipers - Common names|True vipers - Common names]]. | * [[:Category:True vipers - Common names|True vipers - Common names]]. | ||
* [[:Category:True vipers - Synonymy|True vipers - Synonymy]]. | * [[:Category:True vipers - Synonymy|True vipers - Synonymy]]. | ||
* [[ | * [[Snake (animal)bite]]. | ||
==Cited references== | ==Cited references== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* {{EMBL species|genus=Vipera|species=kaznakovi}} | * {{EMBL species|genus=Vipera|species=kaznakovi}}. | ||
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Common names: Caucasus viper, Kaznakow's viper.[2]
Vipera kaznakovi is a venomous viper species found in Turkey, Georgia and Russia.[1] No subspecies are currently recognized.[3]
Description
A stoutly built species, of which the males are usually shorter and more slender than the females. Adults may reach a maximum length of 65-70 cm, but are usually less. Orlov and Tuniyev examined 39 specimens; of 23 males, the largest measured 47.5 cm, while of the 16 females, the largest was 60 cm.[2]
Geographic range
Found in northeastern Turkey, Georgia and Russia (eastern Black Sea coast. The type locality is "Tsebel'da, Sukhumi District," according to the English translation of Nikolsky (1909). Orlov and Tuniyev (1990) interpret this as Tsebelda, the vicinity of Sukhumi [on the east coast of the Black Sea], Abkhasia, the Caucasus [Georgia].[1]
Conservation status
This species is classified as Endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: A1cd+2cd (v2.3, 1994).[4] This indicates that the species is not critically endangered, but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. This is due to an observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction in population of at least 50% over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, based on a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat, as well as actual or potential levels of exploitation. For the same reasons, a reduction in the population of at least 50% is also projected or suspected to be met within the next 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer. Year assessed: 1996.[5]
It is also listed as strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention.[6]
See also
- Vipera.
- List of viperine species and subspecies.
- True vipers - Common names.
- True vipers - Synonymy.
- Snake (animal)bite.
Cited references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
- ↑ Vipera kaznakovi (TSN 634993) at Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed 29 June 2007.
- ↑ Vipera kaznakovi at IUCN Red List. Accessed 6 October 2006.
- ↑ 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)IUCN Red List. Accessed 6 October 2006.
- ↑ Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II at Council of Europe. Accessed 9 October 2006.
Other references
- Orlov NL, Tuniyev BF. 1990. Three species in the Vipera kaznakowi complex (Eurosiberian Group) in the Caucasus: Their present distribution, possible genesis, and phylogeny. Asiatic Herpetological Research 3:1-36.
External links
- Species Vipera kaznakovi at the Species2000 Database.