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The '''reticuloendothelial system''' ('''RES'''), part of the [[immune system]], consists of the [[phagocytosis|phagocytic]] cells located in [[reticular connective tissue]], primarily [[monocyte]]s and [[macrophage]]s. These cells accumulate in [[lymph node]]s and the [[spleen]]. The [[Kupffer cell]]s of the [[liver]] and tissue [[histiocyte]]s are also part of the RES.
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'''''Mononuclear phagocytic system''''' and '''''lymphoreticular system''''' are synonymous with RES.
The '''reticuloendothelial system''' ('''RES'''), part of the [[immune system]], consists of the [[phagocytosis|phagocytic]] cells located in [[reticular connective tissue]], primarily [[monocyte]]s and [[macrophage]]s. Since phagocytosis is their primary role, '''mononuclear phagocytic system''' has been suggested as an alternative name. <ref>{{citation
| title = The Reticuloendothelial System: CLS 311/312 Lecture
| url = http://cls.umc.edu/COURSES/CLS311/resystem.doc
| publisher = University of Mississippi Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Health Sciences
| date = 30 March 2010}}</ref>


These cells accumulate in [[lymph node]]s and the [[spleen]], hence another suggested alternative name, '''lymphoreticular system''' The [[Kupffer cell]]s of the [[liver]] and tissue [[histiocyte]]s are also part of the RES.


The '''Reticuloendothelial System''' is divided into '''primary''' and '''secondary''' lymphoid organs.
The '''Reticuloendothelial System''' is divided into '''primary''' and '''secondary''' lymphoid organs.
==Primary==
Cells of the RES are produced in the '''Primary''' (or '''"central"''') lymphoid organs, principally the [[bone marrow]]. [[T-lymphocyte]]s mature in the [[spleen]].
==Secondary==
RES cells ''function'' in the secondary organs: lymph nodes, spleen, and '''MALT''' (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue).


* '''Primary''' (or '''"central"''') lymphoid organs - the sites where the cells of the RES are ''produced''.  The cells of the RES are produced in the bone marrow. 
MALT is further divided into the '''GALT''' (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) and the '''BALT''' (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue).  
**The '''thymus''' is also included as it is the required site for T cell maturation.
 
* '''Secondary''' (or '''"peripheral"''') lymphoid organs - the sites where the cells of the RES ''function''.  This includes the lymph nodes, spleen, and '''MALT''' (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue).
**MALT is further divided into the '''GALT''' (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) and the '''BALT''' (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue).
**The '''[[Kupffer cells]]''' of the [[liver]] act as part of this system but are not organized into a tissue; rather, they are dispersed throughout the liver sinusoids. 
**''Function'': The secondary lymphoid structures function to survey all entering or circulating antigen and to mobilize an immune response against foreign antigen upon its discovery.  The GALT and BALT are privy to the myriads of antigen entering the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively.  All extracellular fluid must filter through lymph nodes as it traverses the lymphatics on its way back to the systemic circulation.  Antigen residing in the interstitium is thus swept to the lymph nodes for processing.  Finally, the spleen filters the blood in search of antigen.  Upon the discovery of foreign antigen, all of these tissues react in a similar manner to amass an appropriate and multifaceted immune response.


In patients with haemochromatosis the reticuloendothelial system is a site of iron acumulation.  
The '''[[Kupffer cells]]''' of the [[liver]] act as part of this system but are not organized into a tissue; rather, they are dispersed throughout the liver sinusoids.


[[Category:Health Sciences Workgroup]]
The secondary lymphoid structures function to survey all entering or circulating antigen and to mobilize an immune response against foreign antigen upon its discovery.  The GALT and BALT are privy to the myriads of antigen entering the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively.  All extracellular fluid must filter through lymph nodes as it traverses the lymphatics on its way back to the systemic circulation.  Antigen residing in the interstitium is thus swept to the lymph nodes for processing.  Finally, the spleen filters the blood in search of antigen.  Upon the discovery of foreign antigen, all of these tissues react in a similar manner to amass an appropriate and multifaceted immune response.
==Diseases==
In patients with [[hemochromatosis]], the reticuloendothelial system is a site of iron accumulation.
==References==
{{reflist}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]

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The reticuloendothelial system (RES), part of the immune system, consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue, primarily monocytes and macrophages. Since phagocytosis is their primary role, mononuclear phagocytic system has been suggested as an alternative name. [1]

These cells accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen, hence another suggested alternative name, lymphoreticular system The Kupffer cells of the liver and tissue histiocytes are also part of the RES.

The Reticuloendothelial System is divided into primary and secondary lymphoid organs.

Primary

Cells of the RES are produced in the Primary (or "central") lymphoid organs, principally the bone marrow. T-lymphocytes mature in the spleen.

Secondary

RES cells function in the secondary organs: lymph nodes, spleen, and MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue).

MALT is further divided into the GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) and the BALT (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue).

The Kupffer cells of the liver act as part of this system but are not organized into a tissue; rather, they are dispersed throughout the liver sinusoids.

The secondary lymphoid structures function to survey all entering or circulating antigen and to mobilize an immune response against foreign antigen upon its discovery. The GALT and BALT are privy to the myriads of antigen entering the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively. All extracellular fluid must filter through lymph nodes as it traverses the lymphatics on its way back to the systemic circulation. Antigen residing in the interstitium is thus swept to the lymph nodes for processing. Finally, the spleen filters the blood in search of antigen. Upon the discovery of foreign antigen, all of these tissues react in a similar manner to amass an appropriate and multifaceted immune response.

Diseases

In patients with hemochromatosis, the reticuloendothelial system is a site of iron accumulation.

References

  1. ↑ The Reticuloendothelial System: CLS 311/312 Lecture, University of Mississippi Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Health Sciences, 30 March 2010
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