Urolithiasis: Difference between revisions
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In [[medicine]], '''urolithiasis''' if the "formation of [[Calculus (medicine)|stones]] in any part of the [[urinary tract]], usually in the [[kidney]]; [[urinary bladder]]; or the [[ureter]]."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | In [[medicine]], '''urolithiasis''' if the "formation of [[Calculus (medicine)|stones]] in any part of the [[urinary tract]], usually in the [[kidney]]; [[urinary bladder]]; or the [[ureter]]."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
* [[Ureteral | * [[Ureteral calculi]] | ||
* [[Kidney | * [[Kidney calculi]] | ||
* [[Ureteral | * [[Ureteral calculi]] | ||
* [[Urinary | * [[Urinary bladder calculi]] | ||
==Etiology/cause== | ==Etiology/cause== | ||
* Hypercalcuria - >140 mg/gm of urine creatinine or >4 mg/kg of body weight | High calcium diets are paradoxically associated with reduced urolithiasis.<ref name="pmid8441427">{{cite journal| author=Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ| title=A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 328 | issue= 12 | pages= 833-8 | pmid=8441427 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199303253281203 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8441427 }} </ref> This may be due to calcium in the diet reducing hyperoxaluria. | ||
* Hyperoxaluria - >40mg in 24 hour urine. May be primary or secondary to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease | |||
* Hypocitruria | * [[Hypercalcuria]] - >140 mg/gm of urine creatinine or >4 mg/kg of body weight | ||
* Uric acid | * [[Hyperoxaluria]] - >40mg in 24 hour urine. May be primary or secondary to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease | ||
* [[Hypocitruria]] | |||
* [[Uric acid]] | |||
* Struvite | * Struvite | ||
* | * [[cystine ]] | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
| Line 19: | Line 23: | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
[[Chlorthalidone]] reduces recurrence of calcium oxalate stones.<ref name="pmid3280829">{{cite journal| author=Ettinger B, Citron JT, Livermore B, Dolman LI| title=Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not. | journal=J Urol | year= 1988 | volume= 139 | issue= 4 | pages= 679-84 | pmid=3280829 | [[Chlorthalidone]] reduces recurrence of calcium oxalate stones.<ref name="pmid3280829">{{cite journal| author=Ettinger B, Citron JT, Livermore B, Dolman LI| title=Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not. | journal=J Urol | year= 1988 | volume= 139 | issue= 4 | pages= 679-84 | pmid=3280829 | ||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3280829 }} </ref> | | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3280829 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19160242">{{cite journal| author=Escribano J, Balaguer A, Pagone F, Feliu A, Roqué I Figuls M| title=Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria. | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | year= 2009 | volume= | issue= 1 | pages= CD004754 | pmid=19160242 | ||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19160242 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004754.pub2 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:40, 19 August 2014
In medicine, urolithiasis if the "formation of stones in any part of the urinary tract, usually in the kidney; urinary bladder; or the ureter."[1]
Classification
Etiology/cause
High calcium diets are paradoxically associated with reduced urolithiasis.[2] This may be due to calcium in the diet reducing hyperoxaluria.
- Hypercalcuria - >140 mg/gm of urine creatinine or >4 mg/kg of body weight
- Hyperoxaluria - >40mg in 24 hour urine. May be primary or secondary to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease
- Hypocitruria
- Uric acid
- Struvite
- cystine
Treatment
Prevention
Chlorthalidone reduces recurrence of calcium oxalate stones.[3][4]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Urolithiasis (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ (1993). "A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones.". N Engl J Med 328 (12): 833-8. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199303253281203. PMID 8441427. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Ettinger B, Citron JT, Livermore B, Dolman LI (1988). "Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not.". J Urol 139 (4): 679-84. PMID 3280829.
- ↑ Escribano J, Balaguer A, Pagone F, Feliu A, Roqué I Figuls M (2009). "Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria.". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD004754. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD004754.pub2. PMID 19160242. Research Blogging.