Slavery

Slavery is a labor system in which owners have a high degree of control over workers, and can buy and sell them and their children. Slaves lead a marginal life with little personal freedom and are usually unpaid. It flourishes where land is cheap and labor scarce.

Slavery has a long history in the human world. It was practiced in many ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece and Rome. In modern times, the best-known example of slavery in history involves the use of slaves from black Africa to work on export-oriented plantations in the Caribbean, North America and Brazil. Slavery ended there by the 1880s.

"Slavery" is also a rhetorical term in politics used to protest unwanted restrictions on people. One example was the Taft-Hartley Act, an anti-union bill, being denounced by President Harry Truman as slavery.

References

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Bibliography

Surveys

• Drescher, Seymour, ed. Encyclopedia of Slavery (1999)
• Finkelman, Paul, and Joseph Miller eds. MacMillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery (1998)
• Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study 1982
• Phillips, William D. Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Atlantic Slave Trade 1984
• Rodriguez, Junius P. ed. The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery (1997)

Topics

• Campbell, Gwyn. The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia Frank Cass, 2004; online edition
• Davis, David Brion. Slavery and Human Progress (1984).
• Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture 1966
• Eldredge, Elizabeth A., and Fred Morton; Slavery in South Africa: Captive Labor on the Dutch Frontier Westview Press, 1994 online edition
• Engerman, Stanley L. Terms of Labor: Slavery, Serfdom, and Free Labor. Stanford University Press. 1999. online edition
• Lovejoy, Paul. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa Cambridge UP, 1983
• Miers, Suzanne, and Igor Kopytoff, eds., Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives 1977
• Toledano, Ehud R. Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle East U. of Washington Press, 1998 online edition
• Wiedemann, Thomas. Greek and Roman Slavery 1981

Slavery in Latin America

• Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World (2006)
• Eltis, David. "Europeans and the Rise and Fall of African Slavery in the Americas: An Interpretation," American Historical Review 98 (Dec. 1993): 1399-1423. in JSTOR
• Green, William A. British Slave Emancipation: The Sugar Colonies and the Great Experiment, 1830-1865 Oxford UP, 1976
• Klein, Herbert S. African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean Oxford University Press, 1988 online edition
• Stinchcombe, Arthur L. Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment: The Political Economy of the Caribbean World Princeton University Press, 1995 online edition
• Ward, J. R. British West Indian Slavery, 1750-1834 Oxford UP 1988

Primary Sources

• Berlin, Ira, Joseph P. Reidy, and Leslie S. Rowlands, eds. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867 5 vol Cambridge University Press, 1982. primary sources
• Blassingame, John W., ed. Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies.Louisiana State University Press, 1977.
• Rawick, George P., ed. The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography . 19 vols. Greenwood Publishing Company, 1972.

U.S.

• Baptist, Edward E. and Camp, Stephanie M. H., eds. New Studies in the History of American Slavery. U. of Georgia Press, 2006. 306 pp.
• Ira Berlin. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998. general survey
• Ira Berlin and Ronald Hoffman, eds. Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution University Press of Virginia, 1983. essays by scholars
• Fogel, Robert W. Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery W.W. Norton, 1989.
• Genovese, Eugene D. Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made Pantheon Books, 1974. one of the most influential studies
• Genovese, Eugene D. The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South (1967)
• Genovese, Eugene D. and Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Fruits of Merchant Capital: Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and Expansion of Capitalism (1983)
• Higginbotham, Jr., A. Leon In the Matter of Color: Race and the American Legal Process: The Colonial Period. Oxford University Press, 1978.
• Horton, James Oliver and Horton, Lois. Slavery and the Making of America. Oxford U. Press, 2005. 254 pp.
• Kolchin, Peter. American Slavery, 1619-1877 Hill and Wang, 1993. short survey
• Morgan, Edmund S. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia W.W. Norton, 1975.
• Morgan, Kenneth, ed. Slavery in America: A Reader and Guide. U. of Georgia Press, 2005. 456 pp.
• Morris, Thomas D. Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619-1860 U. of North Carolina Press, 1996. online edition
• Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell. American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime (1918), the first major study; criticized as too friendly toward the owners. online edition
• Ransom, Roger L., and Richard Sutch. One Kind of Freedom: The Economic Consequences of Emancipation Cambridge University Press, 1977.
• Robinson, Armstead L. Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865. U. Press of Virginia, 2005. 326 pp.
• Stampp, Kenneth M. The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (1956),
• Tadman, Michael. Speculators and Slaves: Masters, Traders, and Slaves in the Old South University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
• Jenny B. Wahl. "Slavery in the United States" in EH.NET (2004) online
• White, Shane and White, Graham. The Sounds of Slavery: Discovering African American History through Songs, Sermons, and Speech. Beacon, 2005. 241 pp.
• Wood, Betty. Slavery in Colonial America, 1619-1776. Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. 131 pp.

State and local studies

• Berlin, Ira and Harris, Leslie M., ed. Slavery in New York. New Press, 2005. 403 pp.
• Campbell, Randolph B. An Empire for Slavery: The Peculiar Institution in Texas 1821-1865 Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
• Fields, Barbara J. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland During the Nineteenth Century Yale University Press, 1985.
• Follett, Richard. The Sugar Masters: Planters and Slaves in Louisiana's Cane World, 1820-1860. Louisiana State U. Press, 2005. 290 pp.
• Hurt, R. Douglas. Agriculture and Slavery in Missouri's Little Dixie University of Missouri Press, 1992
• Jewett, Clayton E. and John O. Allen; Slavery in the South: A State-By-State History Greenwood Press, 2004 online edition
• Kennedy, Cynthia M. Braided Relations, Entwined Lives: The Women of Charleston's Urban Slave Society. Indiana U. Press, 2005. 311 pp.
• Kulikoff, Alan. Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800 University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
• Minges, Patrick N. Slavery in the Cherokee Nation: The Keetoowah Society and the Defining of a People, 1855-1867 2003 deals with Indian slave owners online edition
• Mohr, Clarence L. On the Threshold of Freedom: Masters and Slaves in Civil War Georgia University of Georgia Press, 1986.
• Mooney, Chase C. Slavery in Tennessee Indiana University Press, 1957.
• Olwell, Robert. Masters, Slaves, & Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country, 1740-1790 Cornell University Press, 1998.
• Reidy, Joseph P. From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South, Central Georgia, 1800-1880 University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
• Ripley, C. Peter. Slaves and Freemen in Civil War Louisiana Louisiana State University Press, 1976.
• Rivers, Larry Eugene. Slavery in Florida: Territorial Days to Emancipation University Press of Florida, 2000.
• Schwalm, Leslie. A Hard Fight for We: Women's Transition from Slavery to Freedom in South Carolina University of Chicago Press, 1997.
• Sellers, James Benson, Slavery in Alabama University of Alabama Press, 1950 online edition
• Sydnor, Charles S. Slavery in Mississippi. 1933
• Takagi, Midori. Rearing Wolves to Our Own Destruction: Slavery in Richmond, Virginia, 1782-1865 University Press of Virginia, 1999.
• Taylor, Joe Gray. Negro Slavery in Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Historical Society, 1963.
• Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion 1974.

Anti-slavery and political debates

• Fehrenbacher, Don E. Slavery, Law, and Politics: The Dred Scott Case in Historical Perspective Oxford University Press, 1981 online edition
• Filler, Louis. The Crusade Against Slavery: 1830-1860 . 1960.
• Morrison, Michael A. Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War. U. of North Carolina Press, 1997. online edition
• Striner, Richard. Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery. Oxford U. Press, 2006. 295 pp.

Historiography

• Boles, John B. and Evelyn T. Nolen, eds., Interpreting Southern History: Historiographical Essays in Honor of Sanford W. Higginbotham (1987).
• Elkins, Stanley. Slavery : A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. ISBN 0226204774
• Horton, James Oliver and Horton, Lois E., eds. Slavery and Public History: The Tough Stuff of American Memory. New Press, 2006. 272 pp.
• Richard H. King, "Marxism and the Slave South", American Quarterly 29 (1977), 117-31. focus on Genovese
• Peter Kolchin, "American Historians and Antebellum Southern Slavery, 1959-1984", in William J. Cooper, Michael F. Holt, and John McCardell , eds., A Master's Due: Essays in Honor of David Herbert Donald (1985), 87-111
• James M. McPherson et al., Blacks in America: Bibliographical Essays (1971).
• Peter J. Parish; Slavery: History and Historians Westview Press. 1989 online edition

Historical fiction

• Edward P. Jones. The Known World New York: Amistad, 2003. ISBN 0060557559 2003 winner of the National Book Critic Circle for fiction and 2004 winner of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction.

External links

• Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938
• The Antislavery Literature Project major academic center for primary sources
• Images of slavery drawn by Thomas Nast (has background music)
• History of Slavery in America a historical overview By Ronald L. F. Davis, Ph. D.

• Map of 1820 showing free and slave territories.
• Classics on American Slavery collection of old scholarly articles available on-line through Dinsmore Documentation
• The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition documents and teaching guides