imported>Robert W King |
imported>Robert W King |
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| {{TOC-right}} | | {{Timeline |
| ===3500 BC(E)=== | | |height= 40 |
| * The Obelisk is created by Egyptians, and possibly previously by Sumerians.
| | |title= Timeline of the Wristwatch |
| | | {{TLevent |
| ===1500 BC(E)=== | | |event= '''3500 BC(E)''': The obelisk is created by Egyptians, and possibly previously by Sumerians |
| * The Sundial/Shadow Clock built by Egyptians | | |width= 40em |
| * One of the earliest water clocks is buried in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Ahemhotep I | | |color= #FFF |
| | | }} |
| ===500 - 100 BC(E)===
| | {{TLevent |
| * Romans and the Greeks improve water clocks through mechanics (bells, gongs, doors -- ways to attempt flow regulation)
| | |event= |
| * '''325 BC(E)''' - ''clepsydras' '' ("water theives") are used by the Greeks
| | '''1500 BC(E)''' |
| | | * The sundial/shadow clock is built by Egyptians |
| ===30 BC(E)===
| | * One of the earliest water clocks is buried in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Ahemhotem I |
| * Vitruvius describes 13 different types of sundial styles in Greece, Asia Minor, and Italy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/early.html|title=Earliest Clocks|publisher=National Instute of Standards and Technology (NIST)|accessdate=2008-01-29}}</ref>
| | |width= 30em |
| | | |color= #FFF |
| ===1 BC(E)===
| | }} |
| * Andronikos constructs the ''Horologion'', the "Tower of the Winds" in Macedonia, Athens Marketplace
| | |} |
| | | }} |
| ===200 - 1300 CE (AD)===
| |
| * Chinese inventors modify clepsydras' to drive various mechcanisms.
| |
| * '''725 CE (AD)''' - A water escapement is invented in the far east
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| * '''900 CE(AD)''' - Pocket sundials are employed
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| * '''1088 CE (AD)''' - Su Sung implements a water escapement in the "Su Sung clock tower". It is over 30 feet tall and ''very'' elaborately adorned.
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| | |
| ===1300s CE(AD)===
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| * Mechanical clocks appear in Italian cities, in towers.
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| | |
| ===1500 - 1510===
| |
| * Peter Henlein of Nuremberg invents the spring-powered clock.
| |
| | |
| ===1525===
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| * Jacob Zech of Prague invents the fusee
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| * Gruet also works on and perfects the fusee
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| | |
| ===1582===
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| * Galileo creates the pendulum-clock concept, but wasn't able to build it before his death.
| |
| | |
| ===1656===
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| * Christiaan Huygens (Dutch) invents the hair-spring, about the same time as Hooke from England
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| | |
| ===1671===
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| * William Clement of London begins to build clocks with an "anchor" or "recoil" escapement
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| | |
| ===1675===
| |
| *Huygens creates the Balance Wheel and spring assembly
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| | |
| ===1704===
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| *Nicholas Facio (Swiss) introduced Jeweled bearings
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| | |
| ===1721===
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| *George Graham creates a pendulum that adjusts for temperature change
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| | |
| ===1761===
| |
| *John Harrison builds a marine chronometer with a spring and balance wheel escapement that wins the British Government's prize established in 1714.
| |
| *Harrison also develops friction reduction techniques during the 1760s
| |
| | |
| ===1764===
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| *John Harrison builds the Gridiron pendulum
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| | |
| ===1880===
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| *Pierre Curie of France discovers piezoelectricity
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| | |
| ===1888===
| |
| *Friedrich Reinitzer of Austria discovers the liquid crystal property
| |
| | |
| ===1889===
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| *Siegmund Riefler builds a nearly free pendulum clock that become standard in astronomical labs
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| *Otto Lehmann coins the term "liquid crystal" inspired by Reinitzer's work
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| | |
| ===1895===
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| *Seiko in Japan creates the first Japanese pocketwatch
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| | |
| ===1898===
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| *R. J. Rudd develops the first true "free pendulum clock"
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| | |
| ===1913===
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| *Seiko in Japan creates the first Japanese wristwatch, dubbed "The Laurel"
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| | |
| ===1921===
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| *W. H. Shortt develops another true "free pendulum clock"
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| | |
| ===1923===
| |
| *G. W. Pierce's research on Crystal Oscillators lays the groundwork for Cady to develop the Crystal Oscillator
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| | |
| ===1920s===
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| *Walter Guyton Cady develops the first Crystal Oscillator
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| | |
| ===1927===
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| *Warren Marrison develops the first quartz crystal oscillator clock
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| | |
| ===1940===
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| *The Swiss establish the Laboratoire Suisse de Recherches Horologeres (LSRH)
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| | |
| ===1946===
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| *The Hamilton Watch company develops the "Hamilton Electric 500" between 1946 and 1957. It is an abysmal market failure due to a flawed design, and short battery life.
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| | |
| ===1955===
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| *Max Hetzel of Switzerland creates prototypes of watches using Tuning Forks as opposed to the balance wheel.
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| | |
| ===1961===
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| *Seiko Japan creates the 951, their first quartz crystal chronometer
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| | |
| ===1962===
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| *The Swiss establish the Centre Electronique Horloger (CEH)
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| | |
| ===1967===
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| *From the CEH come Quartz watch prototypes
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| *Seiko Japan sells the 953 Pocketwatch and Wristwatch, both Quartz powered
| |
| | |
| ===1968===
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| *Juergen Staudte creates a process for mass production of quartz oscillators while working at North American Avionics (which became Rockwell)
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| | |
| ===1969===
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| *Seiko Japan sells the 35SQ Astron, the first commercially available quartz watch on Christmas, December 25<sup>th</sup>
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| | |
| ===1970===
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| *From the CEH comes the Beta 21, on sale April 10 1970, a quartz crystal watch
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| *The Pulsar, a joint product between Hamilton and Electrodata is announced on April 4; developed by John Bergey and Dick Walton
| |
| | |
| ===1972===
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| *The Pulsar is on the Market
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| | |
| ==References==
| |
| <references/>
| |
