Laplacian

The Laplacian is a differential operator of the form
$\sum _{i}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x_{i}^{2}}}$
where $x_{i}$ are Cartesian coordinates. The Laplacian is usually denoted by the symbol $\Delta$ or written as the gradient squared Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \nabla^{2}} .

In cylindrical coordinates, the Laplacian takes the form
${\frac {1}{\rho }}{\frac {\partial }{\partial \rho }}{\bigl (}\rho {\frac {\partial }{\partial \rho }}{\bigr )}+{\frac {1}{\rho ^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial \phi ^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial z^{2}}}$

In spherical coordinates, the Laplacian is
${\frac {1}{\rho ^{2}}}{\frac {\partial }{\partial \rho }}{\bigl (}\rho ^{2}{\frac {\partial }{\partial \rho }}{\bigr )}+{\frac {1}{\rho ^{2}\mathrm {sin} \theta }}{\frac {\partial }{\partial \theta }}{\bigl (}\mathrm {sin} \theta {\frac {\partial }{\partial \theta }}{\bigr )}+{\frac {1}{\rho ^{2}\mathrm {sin} ^{2}\theta }}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial \phi ^{2}}}$