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imported>Howard C. Berkowitz (New page: {{subpages}} Originally from the Chosu Clan of Japan, the '''''shishi''''', or "men of spirit", were a faction who wanted to restore Emperor rule and break the [[Tokugawa Shogunate...) |
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Originally from the [[Chosu Clan]] of [[Japan]], the '''''shishi''''', or "men of spirit", were a faction who wanted to restore Emperor rule and break the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]]. <ref>{{citation | Originally [[samurai]] from the [[Chosu Clan]] of [[Japan]], the '''''shishi''''', or "men of spirit", were a faction who wanted to restore Emperor rule and break the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]]. <ref>{{citation | ||
| title = Soldiers of the Sun: the Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army | | title = Soldiers of the Sun: the Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army | ||
| author = Merion and Susie Harris | | author = Merion and Susie Harris | ||
| publisher = Random House | year = 1991}}, pp. 12-14</ref> | | publisher = Random House | year = 1991}}, pp. 12-14</ref> They espoused the political philosophy of Sonnō jōi (尊皇攘夷, "Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians") originated by [[Seisisai Aizawa]]. <ref>{{citation | ||
| title = Sources of Japanese tradition: From earliest times to 1600, Volume 1 | |||
| author = William Theodore De Bary | |||
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=6wS_ijD6DSgC&pg=PA618&lpg=PA618&dq=%22revere+the+emperor%22&source=bl&ots=Myl0PnKPhS&sig=5QD5C2i2QDwXnDlo8Bzj3EHrklc&hl=en&ei=zrmBTPHEN4K88gb3-ayBAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCkQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22revere%20the%20emperor%22&f=false | |||
| publisher = Columbia University Press | |||
}}, p. 618</ref> | |||
Their view of "spirit" was complex, but certainly included the concept of ''[[kokutai]]'', or the Japanese national polity for which the Emperor was father figure, and sometimes a deity. As such, the shishi were predecessors of the [[Japanese militarism]] of the 20th century.<ref>{{citation | |||
| title = Premodern Japan: a historical survey | |||
| author = Mikiso Hane | |||
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=7kYP758B4KsC&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Aizawa+shishi&source=bl&ots=__5UJSxWo2&sig=YJkdcerIMinGnChuMeffGug_fGI&hl=en&ei=BruBTIKGDcO78gbi582AAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Aizawa%20shishi&f=false | |||
| publisher = Westview Press | year = 1990 | |||
| isbn = 978-0813380650 | |||
}}, pp. 214-217</ref> | |||
A similar faction in the [[Satsuma Clan]] eventually joined the Chosu rebels. <ref>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.samurai-archives.com/snj.html | |||
| title = Sonno-Joi | |||
| publisher = Samurai Archives | |||
| author = Marcel Thach}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:30, 3 September 2010
Originally samurai from the Chosu Clan of Japan, the shishi, or "men of spirit", were a faction who wanted to restore Emperor rule and break the Tokugawa Shogunate. [1] They espoused the political philosophy of Sonnō jōi (尊皇攘夷, "Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians") originated by Seisisai Aizawa. [2]
Their view of "spirit" was complex, but certainly included the concept of kokutai, or the Japanese national polity for which the Emperor was father figure, and sometimes a deity. As such, the shishi were predecessors of the Japanese militarism of the 20th century.[3]
A similar faction in the Satsuma Clan eventually joined the Chosu rebels. [4]
References
- ↑ Merion and Susie Harris (1991), Soldiers of the Sun: the Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army, Random House, pp. 12-14
- ↑ William Theodore De Bary, Sources of Japanese tradition: From earliest times to 1600, Volume 1, Columbia University Press, p. 618
- ↑ Mikiso Hane (1990), Premodern Japan: a historical survey, Westview Press, ISBN 978-0813380650, pp. 214-217
- ↑ Marcel Thach, Sonno-Joi, Samurai Archives