Biochemistry: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Robert Badgett
No edit summary
imported>David E. Volk
mNo edit summary
Line 2: Line 2:
'''Biochemistry''' is the study of the chemicals and [[Chemistry|chemical processes]] in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as [[protein]]s, [[carbohydrate]]s, [[lipid]]s, [[nucleic acid]]s, and other [[Biology|biological compounds]].<ref name="isbn0-7167-3051-0">{{cite book |author=Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Biochemistry |chapter=
'''Biochemistry''' is the study of the chemicals and [[Chemistry|chemical processes]] in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as [[protein]]s, [[carbohydrate]]s, [[lipid]]s, [[nucleic acid]]s, and other [[Biology|biological compounds]].<ref name="isbn0-7167-3051-0">{{cite book |author=Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Biochemistry |chapter=
|chapterurl=|edition= |language= |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=2002 |origyear= |pages= |quote= |isbn=0-7167-3051-0 |oclc= |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="LC2003263029">{{cite book |author=Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Victor W. Rodwell |title=Harper’s illustrated biochemistry |publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill|edition=27th|url=http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=18 |location=New York|year=2006 |pages= |isbn= |oclc= |doi=|id={{LCC|QP514 .R4}} }} {{LCCN|2003|263|029}}</ref>
|chapterurl=|edition= |language= |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=2002 |origyear= |pages= |quote= |isbn=0-7167-3051-0 |oclc= |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="LC2003263029">{{cite book |author=Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Victor W. Rodwell |title=Harper’s illustrated biochemistry |publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill|edition=27th|url=http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=18 |location=New York|year=2006 |pages= |isbn= |oclc= |doi=|id={{LCC|QP514 .R4}} }} {{LCCN|2003|263|029}}</ref>
==Macromolecules==
{{main|Macromolecules}}
===[[Nucleic acid]]===
* [[DNA]]
* [[RNA]]
===Protein===
{{main|Protein}}
* [[Enzyme]]
* [[Amino acid]]
* [[Peptide]]
===[[Carbohydrate]]===
===Lipid===
{{main|Lipid}}
==Metabolism==
{{main|Metabolism}}
===Energy===
====Glycolysis====
{{main|Glycolysis}}
* [[NAD]]
====Krebs cycle====
{{main|Citric acid cycle}}
* [[FAD]]
* [[Electron transport chain]]
* [[Photosynthesis]]
* [[Intermediary metabolism]]
===Proteins===
====Urea cycle====
{{main|Urea cycle}}
==Signal transduction==
{{main|Signal transduction}}
Signal transduction is the "intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway".<ref>{{MeSH|Signal transduction}}</ref><ref name="isbn0-7167-3051-0-chapt15">{{cite book |author=Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Biochemistry |chapter=15.  Signal-Transduction Pathways: An Introduction to Information Metabolism |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer.chapter.2046
|edition= |language= |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=2002 |origyear= |pages= |quote= |isbn=0-7167-3051-0 |oclc= |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer |accessdate=}}</ref>
===''Inter''cellular primary messenger===
Examples of primary messengers include [[hormone]]s and [[neurotransmitter]]s.
====Hormone====
{{main|Hormone}}
====Neurotransmitter====
{{main|Neurotransmitter}}
===Cell surface receptor===
{{main|Cell surface receptor}}
===Ion channel===
{{main|Ion channel}}
===Second messenger system===
{{main|Second messenger system}}
Examples of second messenger systems include the adenyl cyclase-[[cyclic AMP]] system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the [[cyclic GMP]] system
==Nobel laureates contributing to Biochemistry==
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/ Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/ Richard J Roberts and PA Sharp]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/ Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/ Alexander Fleming, EB Chain and HW Florey]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/ Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/ Linus Pauling]
==references==
<references/>

Revision as of 15:22, 5 April 2009

This article is a stub and thus not approved.
 Main Article
 Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
 
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biochemistry&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

Biochemistry is the study of the chemicals and chemical processes in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biological compounds.[1][2]

  1. ↑ Stryer, Lubert; Berg, Jeremy Mark; Tymoczko, John L. (2002). Biochemistry. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0. 
  2. ↑ Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Victor W. Rodwell (2006). Harper’s illustrated biochemistry, 27th. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. LCC QP514 .R4.  LCCN 2003-029
Retrieved from "https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biochemistry&oldid=301800"