V (letter): Difference between revisions
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==Use in English== | ==Use in English== | ||
[[phonetics|Phonetically]], [v] is a labiodental fricative, partially or completely voiced, | [[phonetics|Phonetically]], [v] is a labiodental fricative, partially or completely voiced, air passing between the lower lip and upper front teeth as they touch. It differs from [f] only in that the vocal folds vibrate, which does not occur for [f] (compare '''vîle''' and '''fîle''' - the accents show stress and pronunciation: see [[English phonemes]]). This is in contrast to [w], where both lips are used without touching each other or any teeth: '''whîle'''. | ||
Examples: '''vúlgar, véry, vāst, háve, wâve''' and finally in '''spív, Slàv, dërv'''. [v] involves more friction as air passes through the mouth; for [w] the articulators organs are further apart, making the sound more [[vowel]]-like. | Examples: '''vúlgar, véry, vāst, háve, wâve''' and finally in '''spív, Slàv, dërv'''. [v] involves more friction as air passes through the mouth; for [w] the articulators organs are further apart, making the sound more [[vowel]]-like. | ||
Revision as of 22:47, 18 January 2009
V, v is a letter of the Latin alphabet. It is the twenty-second letter of most variants of the Latin alphabet, being placed after U and before W: for instance it is the case in the English alphabet. Its English name is pronounced [ˈviː], that is vee.
V is also the Roman numeral representing the number 5.
The phoneme /v/ occurs in many languages, but is absent in many others; many speakers may substitute some kind of [b] or [u]. For example, Japanese makes use of both: ウイルス uirusu 'virus' and ライブ raibu 'live'.
Use in English
Phonetically, [v] is a labiodental fricative, partially or completely voiced, air passing between the lower lip and upper front teeth as they touch. It differs from [f] only in that the vocal folds vibrate, which does not occur for [f] (compare vîle and fîle - the accents show stress and pronunciation: see English phonemes). This is in contrast to [w], where both lips are used without touching each other or any teeth: whîle.
Examples: vúlgar, véry, vāst, háve, wâve and finally in spív, Slàv, dërv. [v] involves more friction as air passes through the mouth; for [w] the articulators organs are further apart, making the sound more vowel-like.
The letter v is rare at the end of a word, and it is most commonly found in that position pronounced 'f' in Slavonic (i.e. Russian, Bulgarian, etc.) names: Rachmáninov, Prokófiev, Krùshchev (-chóff), Mólotov; it is also in Névsky (pronounced v) and Tchaikóvsky (usually [f]).
Being rare at the end, v hardly ever needs to be doubled, as it is in révved úp thê éngine. So flívver is irregular: it rhymes with ríver. v does not normally have to be doubled after a preceding short vowel (usually é): séven, cléver, héaven, éver, évery, séver, bévy, lòver, drível, cívil. But before final y: chívvy, sávvy.
The preceding vowel is long in: êven, fêver, hâver, fâvour, sâviour, ôver, clôver, drîver, dîver, wâver, hâven and Stêven (= the more regular spelling of Stêphen, which does not have an [f] sound).