ThinkPad: Difference between revisions
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The ThinkPad's beginning can be traced back to the 1980s when mobile computing was emerging as a new segment of the PC industry. The earliest form of mobile computing was the [[portable computer]], which incorporated the keyboard and display into the main body in a more conveniently "transportable" package. The first portable computer was the [[IBM 5100 Portable Computer]] which was introduced in 1975.<ref name="cnetportable">Tech Republic staff. "Photos: Dinosaur Sightings: 1970s computers." ''cnet news''. 12 Oct. 2007. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://news.cnet.com/2300-1042_3-6213000-2.html http://news.cnet.com/2300-1042_3-6213000-2.html]>.</ref> Due to its hefty price tag, ranging from $9,000 to $20,000, the 5100 occupied only a small niche among engineers and analysts.<ref name="IBMArchive5100">"IBM 5100 Portable Computer." ''IBM Archives''. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_2.html http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_2.html]>.</ref> While IBM followed up the 5100 with the [[IBM 5110 Computing System|5110]] portable<ref name="IBMArchives5110">"IBM 5110." ''IBM Archives''. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_4.html http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_4.html]>.</ref> and the desktop systems [[IBM 5520 Administrative System|5520]] and [[IBM 5120 Computer System|5120]] from 1978 to 1980,<ref name="IBMArchives5520">"IBM 5520." ''IBM Archives''. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_5.html http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_5.html]>.</ref><ref name="IBMArchives5120">"IBM 5120." ''IBM Archives''. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_6.html http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_6.html]>.</ref> much of IBM's focus shifted back to its traditional [[mainframe computer|mainframe]]s, which were seemingly more profitable than the [[microcomputer]]s.<ref name="IBMCORPRILLEY">Reilly, Edwin D. "IBM Corporation." ''The ACM Digital Library''. University of Rochester. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1080000/1074462/p807-reilly.html?key1=1074462&key2=6053772521&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=52542071&CFTOKEN=12883007 http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1080000/1074462/p807-reilly.html?key1=1074462&key2=6053772521&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=52542071&CFTOKEN=12883007]>.</ref> | The ThinkPad's beginning can be traced back to the 1980s when mobile computing was emerging as a new segment of the PC industry. The earliest form of mobile computing was the [[portable computer]], which incorporated the keyboard and display into the main body in a more conveniently "transportable" package. The first portable computer was the [[IBM 5100 Portable Computer]] which was introduced in 1975.<ref name="cnetportable">Tech Republic staff. "Photos: Dinosaur Sightings: 1970s computers." ''cnet news''. 12 Oct. 2007. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://news.cnet.com/2300-1042_3-6213000-2.html http://news.cnet.com/2300-1042_3-6213000-2.html]>.</ref> Due to its hefty price tag, ranging from $9,000 to $20,000, the 5100 occupied only a small niche among engineers and analysts.<ref name="IBMArchive5100">"IBM 5100 Portable Computer." ''IBM Archives''. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_2.html http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_2.html]>.</ref> While IBM followed up the 5100 with the [[IBM 5110 Computing System|5110]] portable<ref name="IBMArchives5110">"IBM 5110." ''IBM Archives''. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_4.html http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_4.html]>.</ref> and the desktop systems [[IBM 5520 Administrative System|5520]] and [[IBM 5120 Computer System|5120]] from 1978 to 1980,<ref name="IBMArchives5520">"IBM 5520." ''IBM Archives''. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_5.html http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_5.html]>.</ref><ref name="IBMArchives5120">"IBM 5120." ''IBM Archives''. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_6.html http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_6.html]>.</ref> much of IBM's focus shifted back to its traditional [[mainframe computer|mainframe]]s, which were seemingly more profitable than the [[microcomputer]]s.<ref name="IBMCORPRILLEY">Reilly, Edwin D. "IBM Corporation." ''The ACM Digital Library''. University of Rochester. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1080000/1074462/p807-reilly.html?key1=1074462&key2=6053772521&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=52542071&CFTOKEN=12883007 http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1080000/1074462/p807-reilly.html?key1=1074462&key2=6053772521&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=52542071&CFTOKEN=12883007]>.</ref> | ||
But it was precisely during this period, however, when new market developed for affordable "home/personal" computers that were up to several thousand dollars cheaper than their corporate counterparts. To take part in this | But it was precisely during this period, however, when new market developed for affordable "home/personal" computers that were up to several thousand dollars cheaper than their corporate counterparts. To take part in this rapidly growing sector as quickly as possible, IBM adopted an [[open architecture]] for "Project Chess" and collaborated with [[Intel]] and [[Microsoft]]; when the [[IBM Personal Computer|IBM PC]] was released, 75% of the market share had already been claimed by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Commodore International|Commodore]], and [[Tandy Corporation|Tandy]].<ref name="IBMCORPRILLEY"/><ref name="time75">Taylor, Alexander L., and Frederick Ungeheuer. "IBM Is Homeward Bound." ''Time Magazine'' 24 Aug. 1981. Time. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949389-1,00.html http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949389-1,00.html]>.</ref> | ||
In response to the success of the [[Compaq Portable]] that was released in November 1982,<ref name="britannicacompaq">"'''computer'''." [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/130429/19722/The-Compaq-portable-computer-Compaq-Computer-Corporation-introduced-the-first Encyclopædia Britannica]. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 Sep. 2009 <[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130429/computer http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130429/computer]></ref> IBM announced the Portable Personal Computer ([[IBM Portable Personal Computer|5155 model 68]]) in February 1984. Although IBM's entry into the portable market was highly anticipated and was preceded by declines in stocks prices of competitors like [[Compaq]], the 5155 was revealed to be a very mediocre product that merely reinforced the market dominance of the Compaq Portables.<ref name="nytimeswallstreetportable"/> | In response to the success of the [[Compaq Portable]] that was released in November 1982,<ref name="britannicacompaq">"'''computer'''." [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/130429/19722/The-Compaq-portable-computer-Compaq-Computer-Corporation-introduced-the-first Encyclopædia Britannica]. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 Sep. 2009 <[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130429/computer http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130429/computer]></ref> IBM announced the Portable Personal Computer ([[IBM Portable Personal Computer|5155 model 68]]) in February 1984. Although IBM's entry into the portable market was highly anticipated and was preceded by declines in stocks prices of competitors like [[Compaq]], the 5155 was revealed to be a very mediocre product that merely reinforced the market dominance of the Compaq Portables.<ref name="nytimeswallstreetportable"/> | ||
Revision as of 21:20, 12 September 2009
ThinkPad is a professional-oriented brand of laptop and tablet PCs manufactured by Lenovo, which secured the rights to the ThinkPads through its acquisition of the IBM's PC division in 2005. The ThinkPad was first conceived as a dedicated tablet lacking a keyboard, but it emerged as primarily a notebook brand with the successful debut of the models 700 and 700C in October 1992. The 700/C and the subsequent ThinkPad models took the shape of a black rectangular case, featuring a red rubber cap at its keyboard's center as a pointing device.
History
The ThinkPad's beginning can be traced back to the 1980s when mobile computing was emerging as a new segment of the PC industry. The earliest form of mobile computing was the portable computer, which incorporated the keyboard and display into the main body in a more conveniently "transportable" package. The first portable computer was the IBM 5100 Portable Computer which was introduced in 1975.[3] Due to its hefty price tag, ranging from $9,000 to $20,000, the 5100 occupied only a small niche among engineers and analysts.[4] While IBM followed up the 5100 with the 5110 portable[5] and the desktop systems 5520 and 5120 from 1978 to 1980,[6][7] much of IBM's focus shifted back to its traditional mainframes, which were seemingly more profitable than the microcomputers.[8]
But it was precisely during this period, however, when new market developed for affordable "home/personal" computers that were up to several thousand dollars cheaper than their corporate counterparts. To take part in this rapidly growing sector as quickly as possible, IBM adopted an open architecture for "Project Chess" and collaborated with Intel and Microsoft; when the IBM PC was released, 75% of the market share had already been claimed by Apple, Commodore, and Tandy.[8][9]
In response to the success of the Compaq Portable that was released in November 1982,[10] IBM announced the Portable Personal Computer (5155 model 68) in February 1984. Although IBM's entry into the portable market was highly anticipated and was preceded by declines in stocks prices of competitors like Compaq, the 5155 was revealed to be a very mediocre product that merely reinforced the market dominance of the Compaq Portables.[1]
I wanted to create a volume as simple as possible and as expressive as possible... and I thought the form of a cigar box, which at that time corresponded to the dimensions... more or less than a laptop computer had to have, would be an expression of what I wanted to do. I wanted to make an object that looks like a black cigar box and that shows on the outside nothing of being what it is... except for the logo of the producer. Then, when you open it, you see this is not a cigar box, but it is a computer, and you see all the complicated stuff inside. And that would create a surprise, and this is the basic concept of the ThinkPad.
- Richard Sapper
notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 SANDBERG-DIMENT, ERIK. "Advertise on NYTimes.com PERSONAL COMPUTERS; RIVALS STAY ONE STEP AHEAD OF I.B.M. PORTABLE." The New York Times 13 Mar. 1984. www.nytimes.com. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <http://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/13/science/personal-computers-rivals-stay-one-step-ahead-of-ibm-portable.html?&pagewanted=all>.
- ↑ Deborah and Purdy. pp. 19-39.
- ↑ Tech Republic staff. "Photos: Dinosaur Sightings: 1970s computers." cnet news. 12 Oct. 2007. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <http://news.cnet.com/2300-1042_3-6213000-2.html>.
- ↑ "IBM 5100 Portable Computer." IBM Archives. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_2.html>.
- ↑ "IBM 5110." IBM Archives. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_4.html>.
- ↑ "IBM 5520." IBM Archives. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_5.html>.
- ↑ "IBM 5120." IBM Archives. IBM. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_6.html>.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Reilly, Edwin D. "IBM Corporation." The ACM Digital Library. University of Rochester. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1080000/1074462/p807-reilly.html?key1=1074462&key2=6053772521&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=52542071&CFTOKEN=12883007>.
- ↑ Taylor, Alexander L., and Frederick Ungeheuer. "IBM Is Homeward Bound." Time Magazine 24 Aug. 1981. Time. Web. 12 Sept. 2009. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949389-1,00.html>.
- ↑ "computer." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 Sep. 2009 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130429/computer>