Bleomycin: Difference between revisions
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| title = Definition of bleomycin sulfate | | title = Definition of bleomycin sulfate | ||
| publisher = National Cancer Institute}}</ref> It is used against cancer in humans and animals, not as an [[antimicrobial]]. | | publisher = National Cancer Institute}}</ref> It is used against cancer in humans and animals, not as an [[antimicrobial]]. | ||
==Indications== | |||
A relatively old drug, it is best known in the treatment of [[lymphoma]]s. U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] approved indications include: [[B-cell lymphoma]], [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]], laryngeal carcinoma, [[cervical cancer]], [[head and neck cancer]], [[testicular cancer]], [[non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]], [[penile carcinoma]], pleural malignant effusions, [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[testicular germ cell tumor carcinoma]] and [[vulvar carcinoma]]. | |||
Unlabeled uses include [[AIDS]] with [[Kaposi's sarcoma]], [[mycosis fungoides]], [[osteosarcoma of bone]], ovarian germ cell tumor carcinoma, soft or connective tissue sarcoma and verruca vulgaris. | |||
It is used in [[feline squamous cell carcinoma|feline]] and [[canine squamous cell carcinoma]]. | |||
It has been used for [[sclerotherapy]] in [[pneumothorax]], [[pleural effusion]] and [[peritoneal effusion]], replacing [[tetracycline]] for this purpose since parenteral tetracycline is no longer available in the U.S. and several other countries. | |||
==Mechanism of action== | ==Mechanism of action== | ||
Revision as of 22:37, 30 June 2010
Bleomycin is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. [1] It is used against cancer in humans and animals, not as an antimicrobial.
Indications
A relatively old drug, it is best known in the treatment of lymphomas. U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved indications include: B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, laryngeal carcinoma, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, testicular cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, penile carcinoma, pleural malignant effusions, squamous cell carcinoma, testicular germ cell tumor carcinoma and vulvar carcinoma.
Unlabeled uses include AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma, mycosis fungoides, osteosarcoma of bone, ovarian germ cell tumor carcinoma, soft or connective tissue sarcoma and verruca vulgaris. It is used in feline and canine squamous cell carcinoma.
It has been used for sclerotherapy in pneumothorax, pleural effusion and peritoneal effusion, replacing tetracycline for this purpose since parenteral tetracycline is no longer available in the U.S. and several other countries.
Mechanism of action
Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.
Toxicity
While the most frequent side effects are dermatologic,[2] treatment duration is often limited by pulmonary fibrosis. [3]
References
- ↑ Definition of bleomycin sulfate, National Cancer Institute
- ↑ American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Monograph - Bleomycin Sulfate: Cautions, Medscape
- ↑ Martin WG et al. (2005), "Bleomycin Pulmonary Toxicity Has a Negative Impact on the Outcome of Patients With Hodgkin’s Lymphoma", J Clin Oncol 23 (30): 7614