Glioblastoma: Difference between revisions
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A '''glioblastoma''' or '''glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)''' is a highly invasive tumor of the [[central nervous system]], primarily of the brain, and, more specifically, the [[cerebral hemisphere]]s, [[basal ganglia]], and [[commissural pathways]].<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> It is not curable with present methods, although recent developments have improved median survival. Onset is most common in the fifth or sixth decade of life, but certainly can appear in any adult or adolescent stage. | A '''glioblastoma''' or '''glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)''' is a highly invasive tumor of the [[central nervous system]], primarily of the brain, and, more specifically, the [[cerebral hemisphere]]s, [[basal ganglia]], and [[commissural pathways]].<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> It is not curable with present methods, although recent developments have improved median survival. Onset is most common in the fifth or sixth decade of life, but certainly can appear in any adult or adolescent stage. | ||
It is termed "malignant", which usually refers to the propensity to [[metastasis|metastasize]], but, as typical of central nervous system [[neoplasia|neoplasms]], does not metastasize beyond the [[blood-brain barrier]] but expands rapidly within the central nervous system. | It is termed "malignant", which usually refers to the propensity to [[metastasis|metastasize]], but, as typical of central nervous system [[neoplasia|neoplasms]], does not metastasize beyond the [[blood-brain barrier]] but expands rapidly within the central nervous system. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary (i.e., not from metastasis) brain tumor. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Symptoms=== | ===Symptoms=== | ||
===Histopathology=== | ===Histopathology=== | ||
It is a more [[pleomorphism|pleomorphic]] and faster-growing form of [[astrocytoma]], and is also called Grade IV astrocytoma. In addition to pleomorphism, the histopathology includes nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. Margins are irregular and it is not encapsulated. | It is a more [[pleomorphism|pleomorphic]] and faster-growing form of [[astrocytoma]], and is also called Grade IV astrocytoma. In addition to pleomorphism, the histopathology includes nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. Margins are irregular and it is not encapsulated. | ||
==Treatment== | |||
While surgery has always been the core of treatment, prior to the use of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, it could only have a limited effect, as the irregular margins and infiltrating nature of the mass preclude complete removal, and indeed extensive [[debulking]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
Revision as of 14:05, 18 June 2010
A glioblastoma or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive tumor of the central nervous system, primarily of the brain, and, more specifically, the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways.[1] It is not curable with present methods, although recent developments have improved median survival. Onset is most common in the fifth or sixth decade of life, but certainly can appear in any adult or adolescent stage.
It is termed "malignant", which usually refers to the propensity to metastasize, but, as typical of central nervous system neoplasms, does not metastasize beyond the blood-brain barrier but expands rapidly within the central nervous system. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary (i.e., not from metastasis) brain tumor.
Diagnosis
Symptoms
Histopathology
It is a more pleomorphic and faster-growing form of astrocytoma, and is also called Grade IV astrocytoma. In addition to pleomorphism, the histopathology includes nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. Margins are irregular and it is not encapsulated.
Treatment
While surgery has always been the core of treatment, prior to the use of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, it could only have a limited effect, as the irregular margins and infiltrating nature of the mass preclude complete removal, and indeed extensive debulking.
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Glioblastoma (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.