Arne (name)
Arne is a male forename of Germanic origin, closely related to the name Arnold. Furthermore, Arne is in use as a surname, especially in English-speaking countries. Arne can also be a female forename. In this case the name is of archaic Greek origin (Ἄρνη).
Etymology and meaning of the Germanic name
The first syllable of the name Arne (ger.: [ˈaʁnə], dan.: [ˈɑʶnə], engl. often: [æʁn]) probably stems from the Germanic *arn ("eagle"), which is the hypothetical preform of the Old High German aar and aro as well as of the Old Norse örn or ørn, which all have the same meaning. It has been proposed that *or- and *er- respectively ("large bird", "eagle") are its Proto-Indo-European root.
The most probable theory on the origin of the name Arne describes it as the final stage of a contracting development, parallel to Arnold, both of which go back to the Old High German name Arenwald (aro or aar and wald; "Has the strength of an eagle").[1] The Proto-Indo-European root of the second syllable is said to be *wal-d(h)- from the base *wal- ("to be strong", "to rule").[2]
In Scandinavia Arne is in widespread use as a forename, where it is often combined with other forenames, e.g. as Tor-Arne, Leif-Arne, John-Arne or Nils-Arne. In Germany the form Arno is more frequent. The German diminutive forms of Arne are Arnele or Ernele. In Switzerland the diminutive forms Ärneli and Ernle or Erndle are also known.
Origin and meaning of the Greek name
The word Ἄρνη (Arne) was primarily a toponym used for archaic "cities of origin" in Greece, especially Boeotia, Thessaly, Crete and the Aeolian regions. In addition it was used for Thracian places of origin.[3] Therefore women called Arne were in all probability (ruling?) inhabitants of these cities or descendants of their archaic population. According to legend the archaic Greek cities derived their name from Arne, nymph daughter of king Aeolus, who is said to have reigned in Aeolia.[4] Aeolian rule and culture covered Thessaly, Boeotia, parts of the Aegean Sea including Lesbos and North-Western Anatolia.
The etymology and true origin of the word arne is unclear, but like many Greek words a prior transmission from Western Anatolia and the Ionian or Lydian language could theoretically be assumed.[5] Different from the Greek verb ἀρνέομαι (arnéomai; "to refuse", "to deny"), the first syllable of which probably stems from the Proto-Indo-European etyma *ar- ("to deny", "to refuse", "to renounce"), a decision on a similarly distinct origin for ἄρνη (arne) would only be conjecture. It should however be noted that one possible root *an- basically has the same meaning ("[male or female] ancestor"), though a more probable origin would be the parallel root *urh1-en- with ἄρνε (arne, dual form of ἀρνός, arnós, related to the earlier ἀρήν, arén, all meaning "lamb", "sheep"), which would connect the "name of origin" to the beginnings of civilization and shepherding 4000 BC in Asia Minor.[6] Independent of the historical, etymological or geographical origin the name Arne is closely connected to the legendary foundation of the Greek-Hellenic (and Boiotian) nation.
Name day (Germanic origin)
- July 13 (with Bishop Arn of Würzburg)
- Other possible name days:
- January 15 (with priest and fraternity founder Arnold Janssen)
- May 1 (with aristocratic cloistral founder Arnold of Hiltensweiler)
- July 18 (with musician and confesser Arnold of Arnoldsweiler or with Arnould of Metz, one of the Carolingian progenitors)
- August 14 (with Flemish cloistral founder Arnould of Soissons)
- September 19 (with bishop Arnoux of Gap)
- January 15 (with priest and fraternity founder Arnold Janssen)
- In Scandinavia the name day is often celebrated on August 4.
Notable persons
Women
- Arne Sithonis (Ἄρνη)
- Arne, daughter of Aeolus (Ἄρνη)
Men
- Arne Carl-August Beurling, Swedish mathematician
- Arne Helge Carlson, US-American politician
- Arne Eggebrecht, German egyptologist
- Arne Mattson, Swedish film director
- Arne Dekke Eide Næss, Norwegian philosopher
- John Arne Riise, Norwegian soccer player (Liverpool F.C.)
- Arne Schmidt, US-American film producer (Big Fish)
- Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius, Swedish biochemist (Nobel Prize 1948)
Arne as surname
- Thomas Augustine Arne, British composer of the 18th century
Fictional characters
- Arne Anka (comic character)
- Arne Saknussemm, the Icelandic alchemist in Jules Verne's novel Journey to the Center of the Earth
Variants of the Germanic name
Forenames
Aarne, Aerni (also: Ärni, Swiss, originally an affectionate form), Anno, Arend (Frisian), Arild (dan.), Arin, Arn, Arnald, Arnaldo (ital.), Arnau (kat.), Arnaud (fr.), Arnaude (fr.), Arnault (fr.), Arnd, Arndt, Arné (fr.), Arnel, Arnell, Arness, Arni (Faroese), Árni (icel., far.), Arni (sw.), Arnie (engl. short form of Arnold), Arno, Arnoald, Arnoaldus (lat.), Arnold, Arnolt, Arnould (fr.), Arnoux (fr.), Arnuel (sp., port.), Ernemann (sw., affect.), Erni (sw., affect.), Ernie (engl.), Oke (East-Frisian), Onno (e.fris.), Ontje (e.fris.)
Surnames
Aerni, Erni, Erny
False variants
- The forename Bjarne is not a contraction of Björn-Arne, but a parallel short form of Björn, stemming from Björngeir or Björnulv.
References
- ↑ The emergence of the low end-vowel is an equivalent to the Old English translations of the Germanic waltan ("to govern", "to possess", "to have control over sth./s.o.") as the Mercian weldan and the Early West Saxon wieldan or wealdan in Essex, as well as to its Lithuanian translation veldu.
- ↑ Possible genesis including hypothetical intermediate forms: *orwal(dh) > *arnwald(h) > *aarenwald > Arenwald > *Arnweld > *Arnwel > Arnel > Arne. The Spanish form Arnuel and the stress of the last syllable in Celtic-influenced southern France (Arné) might support the intermediate *Arnwel and the origin from Arenwald.
- ↑ See Arne for details and sources.
- ↑ For some of the ancient sources see e.g. "Arne", in William Smith (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1849, p. 348
- ↑ Cp. e.g. the Greek τύραννος (túrannos, "absolute sovereign", "tyrant"), originally stemming from turannu (probably Lydian).
- ↑ The fact that the Thessalian coin from Kierion (alternative name: Arne) shows Aeolus' daughter Arne playing with dice made of sheep bones, could be further evidence for this connection. In addition, Poseidon, who would together with Arne later procreate the second king Aeolus, was hidden by his mother Rhea amidst a herd of sheep near a well called aren ("sheep", "lamb"; Pausanias, Guide to Greece VIII 8.81–8.8.2).