Infant mortality

Infant mortality is the "rate of deaths occurring in the first year of life". (reference for quote: Medline-Plus Medical dictionary (an on line service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health). That rate is the number of infants who perish in a given population over a period of time. At present, in developed countries at peace, infant mortality is primarily due to prematurity, birth defects, sudden infant death syndrome, and accidents. In less developed countries without modern health care, infectious causes such as neonatal tetatnus and both bacterial and viral gastrointestinal infections are major causes of infant mrtality. In areas of war, natural disaster and extreme poverty, starvation is an underlying cause of infant mortality, making babies less able to recover from infectious diseases or other ailments.

The death rate of infants is an important measure in pediatrics, often referred to when physicians analyse childhood diseases and congenital defects, but is also an important measure in demographics, and is often referred to by historians, politicians, and civic planners, who use this number as an indicator for the socioeconomic status of a given society.

With technological advances in invitro fertilization and health care, the correlation between wealth, access to health care, and high infant survival rates are not straight-forward for all populations.

Infant mortality as a social indicator

There is an association between poverty and high infant mortality.

References

Quantifying and explaining changes in geographical inequality of infant mortality in England and Wales since the 1890s International Journal of Population GeographyVolume 7, Issue 1, Date: January/February 2001, Pages: 35-51 P. Congdon, R. M. Campos, S. E. Curtis, H. R. Southall, I. N. Gregory, I. R. Jones

Patterns of infant mortality caused by major congenital anomalies Teratology Volume 61, Issue 5, Date: May 2000, Pages: 342-346 Shi Wu Wen, Shiliang Liu, K.S. Joseph, Jocelyn Rouleau, Alexander Allen

Prematurity at birth: Trends, racial disparities, and epidemiology Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews Volume 8, Issue 4, Date: 2002, Pages: 215-220 Greg R. Alexander, Martha Slay