Geriatrics
Geriatrics is defined as "the branch of medicine concerned with the physiological and pathological aspects of the aged, including the clinical problems of senescence and senility."[1]
Healthy aging
Maintenance of leisure activities that involve cognitive or physical-activity is associated with reduced risk of dementia.[2]
Physical fitness, as measured by maximal treadmill exercise test duration, correlates with longevity in the elderly.[3]
Common clinical issues
Common and important clinical issues for elders have been proposed.[3] These issues are advance care planning, health maintenance, medication management, difficulty walking/falls, chronic pain, urinary incontinence, depression, hearing loss, visual impairment, malnutrition or weight loss, dementia, and caregiver burden. Protocols for these issues are available.[4]
Accidental falls
Dementia
End of life
Restraints in the hospital or nursing home
The effect of educating health care providers is not clear. One randomized controlled trial found that an "educational program for nurses combined with consultation with a nurse specialist" did not improve care.[5] However, another controlled trial of a more intensive education program combined with consultation did reduce restraints.[6] However, this study did not account for clustering effect and should be considered a controlled before and after study which is less rigorous. A third trial which used the "A.G.E. dementia care program" (Activities, Guidelines for psychotropic medications, and Educational rounds) showed a reduction in restraints.[7]
References
- ↑ National Library of Medicine. Geriatrics. Retrieved on 2007-12-05.
- ↑ Verghese J, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, et al (2003). "Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly". N. Engl. J. Med. 348 (25): 2508–16. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa022252. PMID 12815136. Research Blogging.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Xuemei Sui et al., “Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity as Mortality Predictors in Older Adults,” JAMA 298, no. 21 (December 5, 2007), http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/298/21/2507 (accessed December 5, 2007). Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "pmidpending" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ GRACE Team Suggestions. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. (complete pdf
- ↑ Huizing AR, Hamers JP, Gulpers MJ, Berger MP (2006). "Short-term effects of an educational intervention on physical restraint use: a cluster randomized trial". BMC Geriatr 6: 17. DOI:10.1186/1471-2318-6-17. PMID 17067376. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Evans LK, Strumpf NE, Allen-Taylor SL, Capezuti E, Maislin G, Jacobsen B (1997). "A clinical trial to reduce restraints in nursing homes". J Am Geriatr Soc 45 (6): 675–81. PMID 9180659. [e]
- ↑ Rovner BW, Steele CD, Shmuely Y, Folstein MF (1996). "A randomized trial of dementia care in nursing homes". J Am Geriatr Soc 44 (1): 7–13. PMID 8537594. [e]