Bank failures and rescues/Timelines
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A chronology of bank failures and rescues.
Before WW1
United States
Bank runs occur in 1793, 1797, 1810, 1815, 1819, 1825, 1833, 1837, 1839, 1847, 1857, 1873, 1884, 1890, 1893, and 1907 [1] [2].
United Kingdom
1866 Overend-Gurney collapse causes banking panic [3]
The inter-war years
US bank failure statistics
Year 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935/40 average Number of bank suspensions 618 976 669 488 659 1350 2293 1453 4000 57 40
- (Source Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis [4].)
1929
Crash of 1929 and the start of the Great Depression
1930
First banking crisis.
1931
Second banking crisis
Austria's Creditanstalt Bank failure and the German banking crisis
1932
Chicago banking panic
1933
US "banking holiday"
1940 to 2007
The 1980s
Savings and Loans crisis - Failure of 296 US "Savings and Loans" mortgage lenders [5]
The 1990s
The decade:
- Banking crises in Switzerland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Japan and the US [6].
- Failure of a further 451 US "Savings and Loans" mortgage lenders.
1997-8 Asian banking crisis [7].
1998 LTCM rescue [8]
Early 2000s
2007
June
- 25 Two Bear Stearns hedge funds threatened by losses from mortgage defaults [9].
August
- 2 German IKB bank rescue [10]
- 6 American Home Mortgage bankrupt [11].
- 9 French bank BNP Paribas freezes funds because it is .unable to value its US mortgage-backed assets. [12]
September
- UK Northern Rock bank run [13]
2008
January
- US mortgage lender Countrywide sold to Bank of America after its share price drops by 48% [14].
February
- Northern Rock bank nationalised[15].
March
- Bear Stearns rescued [16]
August
- Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac rescued [17].
September
- 7 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac nationalised [18].
- 12 Lehman Brothers bankrupt[19] with losses of $365 billion to insurers of its bonds.
- 15 Merrill Lynch sold to Bank of America after major capital write-downs [20].
- 17 American Insurance Group nationalised [21].
- UK's Halifax/Bank of Scotland (HBOS) accepts rescue bid from Lloyds TSB [22].
- 18 Paulson Rescue plan proposed (US Treasury scheme to take "toxic assets" out of the US banking system) [23]
- 23 Federal Reserve Bank protects Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley banks[24].
- 26 Washington Mutual closed by regulator. Assets sold to JPMorgan Chase [25].
- 28 UK bank Bradford and Bingley nationalised [26].
- Multiple European bank rescues [27].
- 30 Icelandic Glitnir bank nationalised [28].
October
- 3 Modified Paulson Plan (to purchase toxic assets) approved by Congress [29].
- Dutch Fortis and ABN Amro banks nationalised [30].
- German Hypo Real Estate bank rescued [31]
- Icelandic economic crisis [32].
- 6 US Wachovia Corp rescued [33].
- 8 UK rescue plan (to inject capital, take equity in banks and guarantee interbank lending) [34] [35].
- 10 G7 Action Plan agreed in general terms by finance ministers [36].
- 12 EU leaders adopt UK rescue plan :[37].
- 13 UK government to take equity in Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and Halifax/Bank of Scotland [38][39].
- 14 President Bush announces new plans (to inject capital, take equity in banks and guarantee interbank lending) [40].
- US government to take equity in Bank of America, J P Morgan Chase, Citigroup, Morgan Stanley, & Goldman Sachs.
- 16 UBS rescue by £30 bn from Swiss government [41].