Proteinuria
In medicine, proteinuria is "the presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of kidney diseases."[1] Proteinuria may occur in acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease.
Diagnosis
The standard dipstick test only measures albumin. "A dipstick test result <1+ or less than trace has a high negative predictive value in the general community setting, with minimal risk of a missed diagnosis of macroalbuminuria". Sensitivity for any any abluminuria was 58%.[2] In this study any abluminuria was defined as albumin-creatinine ratio >/=30 mg/g and macroalbuminuria was defined as albumin-creatinine ratio >/=300 mg/g.
The sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) test measures all protein.
Spot protein/creatinine ratio
One study found that in the presence of stable renal function, a protein/creatinine ratio:[3]
- > 3.5 (mg/mg) suggests nephrotic syndrome
- < 0.2 is within normal limits
Spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio
In adults, albuminuria is a more sensitive than total protein in detecting chronic kidney disease from many glomerular diseases.[4]
- <30 mg/g is a normal albumin-creatinine ratio
- 30-300 mg/g is microalbuminuria
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Proteinuria (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ White SL, Yu R, Craig JC, Polkinghorne KR, Atkins RC, Chadban SJ (2011). "Diagnostic accuracy of urine dipsticks for detection of albuminuria in the general community.". Am J Kidney Dis 58 (1): 19-28. DOI:10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.12.026. PMID 21411199. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Ginsberg JM, Chang BS, Matarese RA, Garella S (1983). "Use of single voided urine samples to estimate quantitative proteinuria.". N Engl J Med 309 (25): 1543-6. PMID 6656849.
- ↑ National Kidney Foundation (2002). "K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification.". Am J Kidney Dis 39 (2 Suppl 1): S1-266. PMID 11904577.