Civil society/Timelines

Timeline for Civil Society

A sequence of significant events in the evolution of the idea of civil society.

1767

Adam Ferguson's Essay on the History of Civil Society is published in Edinburgh, Scotland.

1776

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is published in Edinburgh.

The American revolution began.

1789

French Revolution.

1822

George W.F. Hegel published Elements of the Philosophy of Right, containing his discussion of civil society, in German.

1832

Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont visit the United States to study the penitentiary system.

1845

Tocqueville's De la démocratie en Amérique is published in Paris.

1848

Revolution of 1848.

1862

The first English-language edition of Democracy in America is published in Cambridge MA by Sever and Francis.

1945

The Bradley, Reeve and Bowen translation of Tocqueville's Democracy in America is published by A.A. Knopf in New York. It contains the specific language that most English speakers treat as Tocqueville's original language.

1990

Activism by Solidarity led to semi-free elections in Poland. The resulting coalition government was one of the major steps in the emergence of civil society in central and eastern Europe.

2001

Robert Putnam's Bowling Alone: The collapse and revival of american community is published in the U.S.