Normandy

Normandy is a maritime province of France, located on its northwestern side, along the English Channel.

Normandy is surrounded by other provinces : Picardie (to the north), Ile de France (to the east, with Paris as its capital), Maine (to the south, with Le Mans as its capital) and Bretagne (to the west).

To-day is Normandy divided into two regions : Upper Normandy with Rouen as its capital, and Lower Normandy with Caen as its capital.

The name of the province means land of the northmen (nordmannen), ie. the Vikings who conquered the land in year 911. Previoulsly, Normandy was a part of the Neustrian county, partition of the Carolingian empire : Neustrie, Austrasie, Aquitaine, etc...

Before Romanization in year 52 BC, Normandy was populated by Belgian Celts known as Gauls. The Roman Empire settled several towns as Rouen (Rotomagus), Lillebonne (Juliobona), etc...

A main historical event occured in year 911 when the Viking jarl Rollo received from the King of France a part of the present Normandy, in exchange of his homage to the king, of the christian religion and of the protection the land against other Vikings.

Another main historical event occured in year 1066 when the Duke of Normandy William the Conqueror invaded England (the last successfull invasion of England indeed). As one of the consequenses of the conquest, became Normandy a matter of several wars between the two kingdoms of England and of France : war between the French Capetians and the English Plantagenets, Hundred Years War.

Normands participate actively to the medieval Crusades and create the Kingdom of Norman Italy.

A last main historical event occured in year 1944 with the D-Day and the Battle of Normandy, decisive landing which ended World War II.

Several harbours are located in the Normandy : Dieppe, Fécamp, Le Havre, Rouen, Caen and Cherbourg.

The second most visited site by tourists in France is the Mont Saint Michel, at western border of Brittany.