History/Catalogs/Historians by area of study
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This is a list of historians categorized by their area of study. See also History for overview of historiography
Historiography
- Marc Bloch, a leader of the Annales School
- Fernand Braudel, a leader of the Annales School
- Herbert Butterfield, Whig Interpretation of History [1]
- R. G. Collingwood[2]
- Geoffrey Elton[3]
- Richard J. Evans[4]
- Pieter Geyl[5]
- J. H. Hexter[6]
- Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, a leader of the Annales School
- Leopold von Ranke, leading German historian
- Hayden White (1928- )[7]
- Wilhelm Dilthey
World history
see World history
- Francis Fukuyama (1952- ) The End of History and the Last Man (1992)
- William H. McNeill (born 1917) The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community (1965)
- Pitirim Sorokin (1889-1968), Russian-American macrosociology; Social and Cultural Dynamics (4 vol., 1937–41)[8]
- Oswald Spengler, German; Decline of the West (1918-22)
- Arnold J. Toynbee, British; A Study of History (1934-61)[9]
- Eric Voegelin (1901 – 1985) Order and History (1956-85)[10]
- Immanuel Wallerstein, world systems
Ancient history
- see also Ancient Rome/Bibliography
- Thucydides
- Xenophon
- Herodotus
- Josephus
- Livy
- Julius Caesar
- Suetonius
- Tacitus
- Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) - Roman Empire
- Michael Grant Greece and Rome[11]
- Peter Green (1924- )- Ancient Greece[12]
- Barbara Levick (1932- ) Roman emperors [13]
- Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831) - Rome
- M. I. Rostovtzeff (1870-1952) [14]
- Howard H. Scullard (1903-1983) - Rome [15]
- Ronald Syme (1903 - 1989) Rome[16]
Medieval history
- Placido Puccinelli (1609-1685, - Italy
- Marc Bloch (1886-1944, French) France, methodology; Annales School
- John Boswell (1947-1994) - Homosexuality
- Norman Cantor (1930-2004), England, historiography
- Georges Duby (1924-1996), France; Annales School
- François-Louis Ganshof (1895-1980), Dutch
- Patrick Geary
- Johan Huizinga Dutch
- George Sarton, science
- Jacques Le Goff, French, Annales School
- Rev. F. X. Martin (Irish) - Mediævalist and campaigner
- Rosamond McKitterick - Frankish and Carolingian history
- Henri Pirenne (1862-1935) - the "Pirenne Thesis" downplays barbarian invasions and emphasizes role of Islam[17]
- Eileen Power
- Miri Rubin - religion
- Stephen Runciman (1903–2000) - the Crusades
- Richard Southern (1912-2001), religion
- Sidney Painter
- John Julius Norwich
Modern history
Canada, history
- Francis Parkman - French colonial; French and Indian War
- Donald Creighton - Developed the Laurentian thesis
- Lionel Groulx (1878-1967) - history of Quebec
- Harold Innis - Economic history
- Jack Granatstein - Political and military
- W.L. Morton - Manitoba
Caribbean
- Eric Williams (1911-1981) - slavery
U.S., History
- Stephen Ambrose (1936-2002) - Biographer of Eisenhower, Nixon; military history
- Thomas A. Bailey, diplomatic
- Bernard Bailyn, Revolution, colonial
- George Bancroft (1800-1891) - colonial and Revolution
- Charles A. Beard (1874-1948) - economic interpretation [18]
- Alan Brinkley - 1930s, conservatism
- William Cronon - environmental history
- John Hope Franklin - African Americans
- Milton Friedman, monetary history
- John A. Garraty, biography, politics
- Richard Hildreth, politics to 1840
- Richard Hofstadter (1916-1970) - Progressivism, politics, historiography
- Russell Kirk, conservative ideas
- Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson
- Seymour Martin Lipset, political sociology of movements
- David McCullough (1933- ) - popular biographies of Harry Truman, Teddy Roosevelt, John Adams
- Forrest McDonald, political history, presidents
- Edmund Morgan, colonial and Revolution
- David Nasaw - biography
- Frank Lawrence Owsley, antebellum South
- Francis Parkman - French and Indian War; Canada
- Vernon L. Parringon, history of ideas and literature
- Ulrich B. Phillips, slavery
- David M. Potter, coming of Civil War
- Theodore Roosevelt, West, War of 1812
- Arthur Schlesinger Sr., social history
- Arthur Schlesinger Jr., political history, biography
- Frederick Jackson Turner (1861-1932) - Frontier Thesis and sectionalism thesis
- Frank Vandiver, military
- C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999) - South after 1877
- Howard Zinn (1922-2010) - Left
Civil War and Reconstruction
- Bruce Catton - combat
- David Herbert Donald, politics
- Shelby Foote - (1916-2005) battles
Neoabolitionist
- George Washington Williams
- W.E.B. Du Bois
- Herbert Aptheker
- Philip Foner
- Dwight Dumond
- David W, Blight
- Martin Duberman
- Paul Finkelman
- Eric Foner
- John Hope Franklin
- Lawrence Levine
- Leon Litwack
- William S. McFeely
- James M. McPherson
- Gary Nash
- Leonard Richards
- Kenneth Stampp
- Howard Zinn
Dunning School
Latin America
Brazil
- Sergio Buarque de Holanda
- Gilberto Freyre
- Caio Prado
- Fernando Novais - the crisis of colonial system
Europe
- Norman Davies
- Elizabeth Eisenstein, printing
- John Lukacs, Cold War
- Henri-Jean Martin, early printing and writing
- Robert Roswell Palmer, French Revolution
- J. Salwyn Schapiro
- Norman Stone, World War I
- Gordon Wright, World War II
Belgium, history
- Henri Pirenne (1862-1935)[19]
United Kingdom
- Venerable Bede (672 – 735)
- Geoffrey of Monmouth (died circa 1154)
- Angus Calder - World War II.
- Maurice Cowling - political history.
- Eamon Duffy - 15th-17th century religious history
- Geoffrey Rudolph Elton - Tudor period
- Antonia Fraser - 17th century
- James Anthony Froude, (1818-1894)[20]
- J. H. Hexter - Revolution; methodology
- Gertrude Himmelfarb - Victorian social and cultural history.
- Christopher Hill (1912-2003) - Revolution
- David Hume (1711-1776)[21]
- John Lingard[22]
- John Edward Lloyd (1861-1947) - Early Welsh history
- Lewis Namier (1888-1960)- 18c politics, 20c diplomacy, prospography[23]
- Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1929-1902) -- Civil War[24]
- Andrew Roberts (1963- ), political and military
- A. L. Rowse (1903-1997) Elizabethan
- John Robert Seeley (1834-1895)
- David Starkey (born 1945) - Tudor
- E. P. Thompson, (1924-1993), working class
- Lawrence Stone, family, Revolution
- George Macaulay Trevelyan (1876–1962), 17th-18th centuries;
- Hugh Trevor-Roper, 17th century
- C. V. Wedgwood (1910-1997), Glorious Revolution
Ireland, history
Czech historians
- Bohuslav Balbín (1621-88)
- Gelasius Dibner (1719-1790)
- Josef Dobrofský (1753-1829)
- František Palacký (1798-1876) - 5 vol history to 1526
- Jaroslav Goll (1846-1929) - leader of scientific school
- Václav Novotný )1869-1932) -Hussites
- Josef Pekař (1870-1937), social and economic
France, history
- Voltaire (1694-1778)
- Augustin Thierry (1795-1856) - Revolution
- François Guizot (1787-1874) - Revolution
- Jules Michelet (1798-1874) - Revolution
- Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) -ancien regime
- Gabriel Monod (1844 - 1912) - editor Revue Historique (1875- )
- Henri Berr (1863-1954) -editor of Revue de synthèse historique (1900- )
- Charles-Victor Langlois (1863-1929) - methods
- Charles Seignobos (1854-1842) - methods
- Alphone Aulard (1849-1928) - Revolution
- Albert Mathiez (1874-1932) - Revolution
- Georges Lefebvre (1874-1959) - Revolution
- Albert Soboul (1914-1982) - Revolution
- François Furet (1927- ) - Revolution
Annales School
- Marc Bloch (1886-1944) - Medieval
- Lucien Febvre (1878-1956) - geography
- Robert Mandrou (1921-1984) - psychology
- Georges Duby (1924-1996) - Medieval
- Ernest Labrousse (1895-1986) - quantitative
- Fernand Braudel (1902-1985) - Mediterranean
- Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie peasants
- Jacques Le Goff medieval
- Pierre Goubert (1915- ) - 18th century
- Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1929- ) - peasantry
- Roland Mousnier - early modern
- Michel Vovelle (1933- ) -religion
- Jacques Revel
outside France
- Keith M. Baker - Revolution
- David Chandler - Napoleon
- Alfred Cobban - Revolution
- Natalie Zemon Davis - early modern
- William Doyle - Revolution
- Alistair Horne - modern military
- Robert R. Palmer - Revolution
- Robert O. Paxton - Vichy
- Eugen Weber - modern
- John B. Wolf (1907-96) Louis XIV
- Gordon Wright (1912-2000) - 20th century
Germany, history
20th century scholars in Germany
- Martin Broszat, Nazi era
- Werner Conze
- Fritz Fischer - World War I
- Klaus Hildebrand
- Andreas Hillgruber
- Eberhard Jäckel -Nazi era
- Jürgen Kocka - Bielefeld school; scoial history
- Hartmut Kaelble
- Friedrich Meinecke
- Hans Mommsen
- Wolfgang Mommsen
- Ernst Nolte
- Detlev Peukert
- Gerhard Ritter
- Oswald Spengler - world history
- Michael Sturmer -20c; geography
- Klemens von Klemperer - Nazi era
- Hans-Ulrich Wehler Bielefeld School; new social history; 19c
- Michael Wolffsohn
- Rainer Zitelmann - Nazi era
outside Germany
- Thomas Carlyle Frederick the Great[26]
- Alan Bullock - Hitler[27]
- Gordon A. Craig - Army[28]
- Richard J. Evans - Nazi era[29]
- Ian Kershaw, Hitler[30]
- Claudia Koonz - Women in Nazi era[31]
- Timothy Mason -Nazis[32]
- George Mosse --19c-20c culture [33]
- Steven Ozment Reformation [34]
- Hans Rothfels - military
- Fritz Stern - cultural[35]
- Henry Ashby Turner - 20c esp business[36]
Holocaust
- Yehuda Bauer
- Martin Broszat
- Christopher Browning
- Lucy Dawidowicz
- Norman Finkelstein
- Henry Friedlander
- Saul Friedländer
- Daniel Goldhagen
- Raul Hilberg
- Michael Marrus
- Hans Mommsen
- R. J. Rummel
Italy, history
Netherlands, history
- Petrus Johannes Blok, survey[38]
- J. C. H. Blom, survey[39]
- Pieter Geyl, Dutch revolt; historiography[40]
- Johan Huizinga (1872-1945), cultural history[41]
- Jonathan Israel, Dutch Republic[42]
- Louis De Jong, World War II[43]
- John Lothrop Motley, American historian of the Dutch Revolt[44]
- Jan Romein, (1893-1962), theoretical and world history[45]
- Jan de Vries, economic history[46]
Norway
- Halvdan Koht (1873-1965) - peasants; Ibsen
Poland
- Norman Davies (1939-) - modern Polish history.
- Franciszek Bujak (1875-1953)
- Jan Rutkowski (1886-1949),
Russia, history
- M. I. Rostovtzeff (1870-1952) early [47]
- E. H. Carr (1892-1982) A History of Soviet Russia, (14 vol 1950-1978)[48]
- Robert Conquest 20c
- Leopold Labedz (1920-93)
- Roy Medvedev Stalin
- Richard Pipes - 20c
- William Taubman - Nikita Khrushchev
Slovenia, history
- Bogo Grafenauer (1916--1995)
Spain, history
- Ida Altman - Early modern
- Maria Luisa Ávila-Muslim Spain, Women
- Robert I. Burns -Medieval
- Brian A Catlos -Muslim Spain
- Roger Collins Muslim Spain
- Olivia Remie Constable,- Medieval History
- Hipólito Escolar - printing
- Pierre Guichard - Muslim Spain]]
- S.I Imamuddin Muslim Spain]]
- Manuela Marin- Women
- Julian Ribera y Tarragó
- Samuel Miklos Stern
Serbia
- Ilarion Ruvarac (1832-1905)
- Vladimir Dedijer
The Middle East
- Ibn Khaldun
- Ibn al-Tiqtaqa (b. circa 1262) Shi'i historian wrote Al-Fakhīr
- ‘Ala’ al-Din ‘Ata Malik Juvayni (1226-1283) Ta’rīkh-I-Jahān Gushā (‘A History of the World-Conqueror Chingis Khān)
- Rashid al-Din (circa 1247-1318) Jāmi‛-al-Tawārīkh (‘A Comprehensive Collection of Histories'), Ta’rīkh–i-Ghāzānī - a history of the Mongols and Turks
- George Antonius (1891-1941) - Arab nationalism
- Anders Bjørkelo
- Caroline Finkel
- H.A.R. Gibb (1895-1971)
- Marshall G.S. Hodgson (1922-1968) World Historian, Ismai'ili history
- Albert Hourani
- Walid Khalidi Palestinian historian
- Bernard Lewis - the Middle East
- D. S. Margoliouth
- Rex Sean O'Fahey
- Michael Oren
- David Pryce-Jones
- Fazlur Rahman (1919-1988)
- Knut Vikør
- W. Montgomery Watt (1909-2006), life of Muhammad
Asia
China, history
- Sima Qian - Compiled Records of the Grand Historian
- John King Fairbank, survey [49]
- Merle Goldman 20th c. [50]
- Jacques Gernet, survey [51]
- Immanuel Chung-yueh Hsü, survey [52]
- Ray Huang [53]
- Roderick MacFarquhar, Mao [54]
- Michael, Franz
- Frederick W. Mote imperial [55]
- Joseph Needham, science [56]
- Benjamin Schwartz [57]
- Jonathan D. Spence [58]
- Studies of Modern Chinese History: Reviews and Historiographical Essays
Korea, history
- Bruce Cumings - modern Korea
- Il-yeon
- Kim Bu-sik - early annalist
- Kim Dae-Mun
- Lee Ki-baek - (1924-2004)
- Suh Dae-sook - Korean War and North Korea
- Yu Deuk-gong - Balhae
India, history
- A. L. Basham (1914-1986)
- Urvashi Butalia
- Bipin Chandra
- Nicholas Dirks
- Ranajit Guha
- Ayesha Jalal
- Christian Lassen
- Patrick Olivelle
- Sumit Sarkar
- Tanika Sarkar
- Percival Spear
- Romila Thapar
- Thomas Trautmann, British Orientalism
Japan, history
Australia, history
Religion
Christianity
- Sydney Ahlstron, American religion
- Eusebius of Caesarea (275–339) - "Father of Church history"
- Alexander Campbell Cheyne, Scottish Ecclesiastical Historian
- Kenneth Scott Latourette
- John Gilmary Shea (1824-1892) Father of American Catholic History
Lutheranism
- Johann Lorenz Von Mosheim (1694-1755)
Mormonism
- Leonard J. Arrington - 1975-1982
- Fawn M. Brodie
- Jan Shipps
The Papacy
- Ludwig von Pastor, wrote 40 volume history of the popes
Marxist
- Eugene D. Genovese - southern U.S., slavery
- Ranajit Guha - India
- Christopher Hill - 17th century England.
- Eric Hobsbawm - modern world.
- Maxime Rodinson Islam
- Sumit Sarkar Indian marxist historian
- E. P. Thompson, British
Art history
- Nicholas Pevsner (1903–1983) History of art and English architecture
- Josef Strzygowski (born 1862) - Architectural history
Economic history
- Niall Ferguson, 19th-20th century
- Robert Fogel US slavery; health
- David S. Landes, Europe
- W. W. Rostow, industrialization
- R. H. Tawney, Industrial Revolution
- Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.
- see Business history
- see Railway history
Military History
- see Military History
- Correlli Barnett - naval[59]
- Martin van Creveld - technology[60]
- Jack Granatstein - Canadian[61]
- Victor Davis Hanson - ancient[62]
- Alistair Horne - French[63]
- Michael Howard (1922- ) - Europe[64]
- John Keegan (1934-) -warfare, combat[65]
- Basil Liddell Hart (1895–1970) -World War I[66]
- Edward Luttwak (1942- ) stretegy[67]
- Alfred Thayer Mahan, sea power[68]
- S. L. A. Marshall - combat behavior[69]
- Samuel Eliot Morison (1887-1976) - World War II, Columbus, Jones[70]
- Peter Paret -ideas[71]
- Gordon Prange - World War II-Pacific[72]
- Gerhard Ritter - German[73]
- Hew Strachan - World War I.[74]
- Gerhard Weinberg - World War II[75]
Espionage
- John Earl Haynes, American historian of Communist espionage
- David Kahn, historian of codes
- Victor Suvorov
- Nigel West
Maritime history
- Robert G. Albion
- Howard I. Chapelle
- John Hattendorf
- Samuel Eliot Morison, Columbus, Jones, WWII
History of ideas
- Arthur Lovejoy (1873-1962). the Great Chain of Being [76]
- Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997)
- J. C. D. Clark, 18th century Britain
- John P. Diggins, American political thought[77]
- Michel Foucault (1926 - 1984)
- Peter Gay (1923- ) Enlightenment; 20th century
- Perry Miller, American; Puritanism
- J. G. A. Pocock, political thought[78]
- Quentin Skinner, political thought[79]
History of international relations
- Harry Elmer Barnes, World wars; revisionist (denied German Guilt in 1914)
- Herbert Butterfield
- Gordon A. Craig, Germany
- John Lewis Gaddis, Cold War.
- Klaus Hildebrand
- Andreas Hillgruber
- Paul Kennedy, British and world; "The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers"
- William L. Langer, (1896-1977)
- Eduard Mark
- Arno J. Mayer
- W.N. Medlicott
- Lewis Bernstein Namier
- Paul W. Schroeder, 19c Europe
- A.J.P. Taylor (1906-1990) - Europe and England
- Harold Temperley, (1879-1939), British editor of "British Documents on the Originis of the War, 1898-1914"
- Odd Arne Westad - Professor at the London School of Economics
- Ernest Llewellyn Woodward, (1890-1971)
History of philosophy
History of science and technology
- Peter Galison, physics, philosophy, objectivity
- John L. Heilbron, physics, quantification, astronomy, religion and science
- Richard L. Hills, technology
- Thomas P. Hughes, technology
- Evelyn Fox Keller, science and gender, biology
- Melvin Kranzberg, technology
- Daniel J. Kevles, science and politics, physics, biology, eugenics
- Thomas Kuhn, astronomy, historiography[80]
- Joseph Needham, China [81]
- David F. Noble, industrial development
- Abraham Pais, physics; Einstein
- A. I. Sabra, optics, Islamic science
- George Saliba, Islamic science
- George Sarton, medieval
notes
- ↑ C.T. McIntire, Herbert Butterfield (2004) excerpt and text search
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- ↑ See []
- ↑ Pieter Geyl, The Revolt of the Netherlands: 1555-1609 (1958) online edition
- ↑ See [1]
- ↑ See [2] and [3]
- ↑ B. V. Johnston, Pitirim A. Sorokin an Intelellectual Biography (1995)
- ↑ William H. McNeill, Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life (1990)
- ↑ Jeffrey C. Herndon, Eric Voegelin and the Problem of Christian Political Order (2007) excerpt and text search
- ↑ see excerpt and text search
- ↑ See [4]
- ↑ See [5]
- ↑ See [6]
- ↑ see online edition
- ↑ see [7]
- ↑ Kenneth W. Frank, "Pirenne Again: A Muslim Viewpoint," The History Teacher, Vol. 26, No. 3 (May, 1993), pp. 371-383 in JSTOR
- ↑ Beard had two highly influential books, Economic Interpretation of the Constitution (1913), and "Rise of American Civilization (1927, with Mary Beard); see Kent Blaser, "The Rise of American Civilization and the Contemporary Crisis in American Historiography," The History Teacher, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Nov., 1992), pp. 71-90 in JSTOR
- ↑ F. M. Powicke, "Henri Pirenne," The English Historical Review, Vol. 51, No. 201 (Jan., 1936), pp. 79-89 in JSTOR
- ↑ James Anthony. Froude, History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1856) 10 vol complete text online
- ↑ David Hume, The History of England: From the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Abdication of James II, 1688 (6 vols, 1754-1762). online edition
- ↑ John Lingard, The History of England, (1850), online edition
- ↑ See Linda Colley, Lewis Namier (1989).
- ↑ See J. S. A. Adamson, "Eminent Victorians: S. R. Gardiner and the Liberal as Hero." Historical Journal 1990 33(3): 641-657. in Jstor
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- ↑ Petrus Johannes Blok. History of the People of the Netherlands (5 vol 1898-1912) part 1 to 1500, online from Google; part 2 to 1559. online from Google; part 3: The War with Spain 1559-162, online from Google; part 4 on Golden Age online from Google; online edition from Google, vol 5 on 18th and 19th century
- ↑ J. C. H. Blom, and E. Lamberts, eds. History of the Low Countries (2006) 504pp excerpt and text search; also complete edition online
- ↑ Pieter Geyl, The Revolt of the Netherlands: 1555-1609 (1958) online edition
- ↑ Peter Burke, "Historians and Their Times: Huizinga, Prophet of 'Blood and Roses.'" History Today 1986 36(Nov): 23-28. Issn: 0018-2753 Fulltext: EBSCO; William U. Bouwsma, "The Waning of the Middle Ages by Johan Huizinga." Daedalus 1974 103(1): 35-43. Issn: 0011-5266; R. L. Colie, "Johan Huizinga and the Task of Cultural History." American Historical Review 1964 69(3): 607-630 in JSTOR; Robert Anchor, "History and Play: Johan Huizinga and His Critics," History and Theory, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Feb., 1978), pp. 63-93 in JSTOR
- ↑ Jonathan Israel, The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477-1806 (1995) complete online edition; also excerpt and text search
- ↑ J. C. H. Blom, "Ludovico Locuto, Porta Aperta: Enige Notities over Deel XII En XIII Van L. De Jongs Koninkrijk Der Nederlanden in De Tweede Wereldoorlog." [After Louis Spoke, Everything Was Clear: Some Notes on Volumes 12 and 13 of Louis De Jong's Kingdom of the Netherlands in World War Ii]. Bijdragen En Mededelingen Betreffende De Geschiedenis Der Nederlanden 1990 105(2): 244-264. Issn: 0165-0505 review of a great masterpiece.
- ↑ John Lothrop Motley, The Rise of the Dutch Republic, 1555-84 (2 vol. 1856) Gutenberg editions online and History of the United Netherlands, 1584-1609 (4 vol., 1860–67) Gutenberg editions online For a criticism of Motler see Robert Wheaton, "Motley and the Dutch Historians." New England Quarterly 1962 35(3): 318-336. in Jstor
- ↑ A. C. Otto, "Theorie En Praktijk in De Theoretische Geschiedenis Van Jan Romein" [Theory and Practice in the "Theoretical History" of Jan Romein]. Theoretische Geschiedenis 1994 21(3): 257-270. Issn: 0167-8310
- ↑ See Arthur van Riel, "Review: Rethinking the Economic History of the Dutch Republic: The Rise and Decline of Economic Modernity Before the Advent of Industrialized Growth," The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Mar., 1996), pp. 223-229 in JSTOR
- ↑ See [21]
- ↑ See Michael Cox, , ed., E.H. Carr: a critical appraisal, (2000)
- ↑ See [22]
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- ↑ See [24]
- ↑ See []
- ↑ See [25]
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- ↑ See [29]
- ↑ See [30]
- ↑ See [31]
- ↑ See [32]
- ↑ See [33]
- ↑ See [34]
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- ↑ See []
- ↑ See []
- ↑ See []
- ↑ See []
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- ↑ See [35]
- ↑ See [36]
- ↑ Arthur O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History of an Idea. (1936); John P. Diggins, "Arthur O. Lovejoy and the Challenge of Intellectual History," Journal of the History of Ideas Volume 67, Number 1, January 2006, pp. 181-208 in Project Muse; Daniel J. Wilson, Arthur O. Lovejoy and the Quest for Intelligibility (1980)
- ↑ John P. Diggins, The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of Liberalism (1984)
- ↑ J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Tradition (1975).
- ↑ Quentin Skinner, "Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas," History & Theory 8 (1969): 3–53.
- ↑ Thomas S. Kuhn, The Copernican Revolution (1957); Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. (1962, 1970); Steven Fuller, Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History for Our Times (2000)
- ↑ See [37]