Larry Sanger
Lawrence Mark ("Larry") Sanger (born July 16, 1968 in Bellevue, Washington) is an American philosopher and founder of Citizendium. Sanger was the editor-in-chief of Nupedia, and the co-founder and chief organizer of Wikipedia. Most recently, he is the current editor-in-chief of Citizendium.
Biography
Sanger was born in Bellevue, Washington, and raised in Anchorage, Alaska. He received his B.A. in philosophy from Reed College in 1991 and Ph.D. in philosophy from Ohio State University in 2000.
Encyclopedias
Nupedia
Sanger's first online encyclopedia project was web-based Nupedia, which lasted from March 2000 to September 2003. Sanger was its salaried editor-in-chief until March 1, 2002, but was a volunteer editor a month prior to his resignation. Effectively unfunded until that time, Nupedia was written by both subject matter experts and the public-at-large although it was edited and reviewed solely by those experts. Despite being a free content encyclopedia, it was not a wiki to which anyone with access to the Internet could contribute editorial content. Although the project failed, it was a forerunner of Wikipedia, which began as an offshoot of Nupedia.
Wikipedia
Co-founded by Jimmy Wales and Sanger, Wikipedia is a wiki-based project in which content could be contributed and edited by anyone at all. At the founding of Wikipedia, Sanger was characterized being as its salaried "chief organizer," although he had no official title. Sanger left his official role at Wikipedia at the same time he left Nupedia.
On December 31, 2004, a well-known and controversial online essay was published at Kuro5hin[1] in which Sanger detailed "Why Wikipedia Must Jettison Its Anti-Elitism", and that "Wikipedia does have two big problems." The problems he was referring to were the lack of public perception of credibility, particularly in areas of detail, and the dominance of difficult people, trolls, and their enablers. He identified "anti-elitism, or lack of respect for expertise" as the root of these problems.
Citizendium
Hoping to build upon his experience with the earlier encyclopedias and to avoid their pitfalls, Sanger launched Citizendium on September 15, 2006. Originally conceived to be an improved fork of Wikipedia, a consensus was reached to develop an individual sense of identity. This was accomplished by cleaning up or removing articles originally forked in an effort called "The Big Delete."
The three main differences between Citizendium and Wikipedia are:
- all contributors must apply for membership in the project under their real names, which are then visibly associated with all articles
- all articles are reviewed by experts in their particular fields, offering suggestions and criticism as the articles evolve with the goal for each article to be "approved"
- that vandals, trolls, and disruptive editors are quickly and permanently banned from further work on the project.
Major works
- Academic theses
- Descartes' methods and their theoretical background (bachelor thesis)
- Epistemic Circularity: An Essay on the Problem of Meta-Justification (doctoral thesis)
- Manifesto and background reading
- Toward a New Compendium of Knowledge (September 2006)
- Why the Citizendium Will (Probably) Succeed (March 2007)
- Related essays
- Who Says We Know: On the New Politics of Knowledge (Edge.org, April 2007)
- How to Think about Strong Collaboration among Professionals (text of keynote at Handelsblatt IT Congress from Jan. 30, 2007)
- Why Make Room for Experts in Web 2.0? (text of keynote at SDForum from Oct. 24, 2006)
- The Role of Content Brokers in the Era of Free Content (articulates one of the Citizendium Foundation's concepts for funding free content)
References
- ↑ "Wikipedia does have two big problems, and attention to them is long overdue. These problems could be eliminated by eliminating a single root problem." Sanger, Larry (31 Dec 2004). Why Wikipedia must Jettison Its Anti-Elitism. Kuro5hin.org. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.